蛟蛟娜峰å¡æ–™, 4 cases, the material Nana material police material explosives material international introduction to introduce foreign advanced scientific research technology and production cases, to promote foreign advanced drafts require a wide range of content selection; a guide to the domestic cleaning industry and Reference value.
Responsible Editor Li Zaimeng Economic Analysis Zhang Yaping Liang Zhiqi Compilation When selecting a new cleaning process, the production engineer hopes that this process will not fall out in a short time, and another expects to clean as much as possible with a small amount of cleaning agent. The artifacts. This goal is difficult to achieve.
According to the Montreal Protocol, HCFC 14 must be discontinued in the United States before the end of 2002. At the same time, those decision makers are constantly introducing new regulations, such as the new air quality management regulations, which require chemicals to be minimized. New shipment handling and storage procedures require fewer hazardous substances in the chemical, while new waste disposal regulations require emissions to be less harmful to aquatic organisms. In some places, water scarcity and rising energy costs have become big questions. These conflicting demands are severely constraining the company's choice of cleaning technology.
In addition to the above questions, production engineers should also consider the cleaning speed of the cleaning process. Safety and sustainable use are more versatile and economically affordable.
This is both a challenge and a goal. There is now a set of programs that engineers can use to choose the best solution. Let's call it a cleaning scorecard.
Cleaning scorecards When people talk about football basketball or golf, they can distinguish between winning and losing results. The same is true for cleaning. You must get a positive score to be a successful solution.
Many people think that the cleaning process is only considering the cost of the machine and the barrel solvent from the beginning to the end. This is a big mistake. In most cases, these two costs are almost completely irrelevant. There are many factors that are more important than these two costs.
Let's take the car. Everyone knows that if you want to save fuel, miles gallons are the basic index for measuring the fuel efficiency of a car. It is measured in miles per hour, the metering voltage and the daily metering productivity are smart. Engineers need a score or cleaning index to measure. The economics of cleaning. In my experience, it is best to clean the product at the lowest total cost.
So what you have to do is stop the cost of the solvent, because what really matters is the total cost of cleaning the parts, not the solvent cost cleaning agent.
The former is the key to profit or loss.
After clarifying this question, let's look at a few items to add to the scorecard.
There are various specifications for using a cleaning machine that meets the expected results. The specifications of the washing machine are not measured in inches, and the most suitable one is measured by the production capacity or the cleaning capacity. In addition, just like buying a new car or a new clothes, the choice of the machine should also be selected for the most suitable cleaning applicability can be measured in several ways. The traditional method is to calculate the number of plates to be cleaned, 300 pieces of paper, etc., but this method is the most inaccurate; the other method is the total area of ​​all parts to be washed under the budget, the shape of the parts is more This method is very effective when it is complicated. For extreme cases, be aware that very small or very brittle parts will have different cleaning requirements.
Once you have determined your cleaning capabilities, you can begin to evaluate which cleaning technology is best for your needs. For example, desktop computers are slow, but small in size; large-capacity cleaning systems are bulky and expensive. Therefore, it is necessary to shop before the goods are needed.
Try it after you have selected it. Prepare a typical product and let each manufacturer test it with its own machine. The manufacturer should be able to provide a simple written report describing the solvent temperature time and results of the cleaning process. Make sure the system meets your cleaning standards. Trial runs are the easiest part of the process selection.
Here are the hardest parts to calculate which system meets your cleaning requirements and the lowest total cost. Below is a shopping list listing the main cost components discussed below. However, the system composition required for each project may be different, and some may add some content to the list.
Cleaning costs checklist cleaning system costs freight and insurance site engineering and building planning costs construction electrical changes water pipe ventilation system installation system installation capital cost occupation of the actual footprint of the machine space area cost meter 2 production volume calibration coefficient consumables The solvent loss such as the filter is determined according to the production amount. The cleaning method is the first to calculate the production amount. When engineers compare different cleaning techniques, they need the average productivity of the budget system, that is, the number of components. Calculating the cleaning cost of each part is critical because both work and labor costs are measured in hours.
The cycle time is defined as the cleaning cycle of the loading and unloading minutes. The output of the machine for cleaning 20 boards is 1 board for 2 minutes, or 30 board hours.
There are many factors that affect production volume, such as raw materials and unloading.
Water-based cleaners have a shorter cycle when washing large, simple-shaped boards. Gas phase systems have a longer cycle when washing very compact parts with many voids.
The impact of production on work costs is enormous. For example, DuPont, æ³” reported that the normal solvent loss of a small gas phase deoiler is about 58. Therefore, when the operation is small, the steam area is small, or about 0.454 points are divided, and the machine is large and efficient. The loss rate is even lower. In standby mode, it can be reduced. 75. When engineers calculate the total cost, they must be able to fairly accurately estimate how much production the system needs.
The upfront costs include the actual cost of machine freight site preparation and installation. Many engineers also included the enhancement of electrical expansion of the building's retrofitting ventilation and the water treatment system needed to support the new system. These costs may not be much less than the cost of the washing machine. Therefore, when planning, the environmental protection personnel, firefighters and production personnel responsible for health and safety of the factory director must be involved.
Engineers should also consider the cost of funds that are closely linked to machinery. It is easy to use the electronic function of the payment grid to calculate the cost of the equipment month, and it is easy to convert into cost parts.
Another question is the cost of the space required for the washing machine and auxiliary equipment, because the floor area requirements are usually several times larger than the actual size of the machine.
As a general rule of thumb, water and semi-wash systems require more space than solvent-based systems. The water washing system requires a water treatment facility and may be as large as the washing machine. The cycle of the water wash system is long, which also requires more space for the ongoing workpiece supply conveyor and access.
For example, the author used to have a washing machine of 9.15 meters long and occupies 18.6 meters, but the total area of ​​the system including auxiliary equipment is 130 meters, which is 7 times that of the machine itself. With a gas phase cleaning system, only four times the area of ​​the machine itself is sufficient.
For the cost of the budget, you should contact the financial staff to ask about the full-load meter cost of the place you are interested in, usually the rent meter 2, which should be the sum of the cost of the floor heating and cooling lighting, and 1 The cost of some shared facilities such as elevators.
After the production cost is determined, the calculation of the work cost is relatively easy. Installation instructions are usually provided by the equipment manufacturer. Direct work costs include lost solvent cost electricity, as well as system consumables such as saponifier filters.
Carrying out liquid is a special work cost and should also be included in the solvent cost. The effluent is the solvent that is lost as it remains in and around the part as it passes through the system. High boiling solvents such as water and hydrocarbons carry high losses, but they are relatively inexpensive. The low-boiling solvent carries out a small amount, but the high price itself means that the loss is huge.
When selecting a device, be sure to select equipment that minimizes solvent carry-over. The newer gas phase degreaser is equipped with exceptional cooling and superheating and lifting devices to help reduce carry-over and save money. The water washing system also has a similar configuration, such as an additional drying chamber for the air knife, but it increases the electricity bill while stopping the take-out. There is no way to never have a free lunch, and the necessary expenses are always inevitable.
A competent equipment seller should be able to explain in writing the increase in the operating cost of the differently configured equipment and the loss caused. In addition, specific circumstances such as the type of contaminants and the cleaning cycle that can improve the efficiency of the configuration should be pointed out. With these data, it's much easier to add the cost to the cleaning scorecard.
The labor cost in labor cleaning is very flexible and should be treated separately from other work costs. Many companies believe that their automatic cleaning process is automated, but some work was done manually by inspection, such as auxiliary inspection, manual washing, re-cleaning and drying. In today's process, the proportion of manual operations should be few and far between. If not, technology, the system must be improved.
There has been an example of an old-fashioned water wash system originally designed to clean through-hole plates. It was fast and efficient at the time. But now it is cleaning 80 circuits, although the cleaning cycle is reduced by almost 50, but each board takes 10 minutes to dry with compressed air, manual operation. Although the system is cheap, it is too inflexible, and now it has become a cumbersome price.
To calculate the labor cost, it is concluded that the total operating wage rate of the machine operator is at least the time value after the actual income of the tax is taken to ensure that the wastewater treatment system works normally. It is also necessary to include training fee maintenance technical fees and training fees for any chemical safety. If there is a question about the turnover, it is necessary to increase the funds for supplementary training every season.
Maintenance of the machine is large and maintenance is complicated. The maintenance of the washing system is the most complicated, partly because the machine is too large to be 9 meters long and it is not unusual for many moving parts. The water treatment and recycling process are also re-introduced, so maintenance must be carried out to ensure the service life of the machine. Another question is that this additive will be attached to the inside of the machine, making it more difficult to maintain.
However, the gas phase cleaning system does not need to maintain the filter to be inspected and replaced. The solvent in the degreaser needs to adjust the concentration from time to time, and the sludge at the bottom of the system needs to be removed. If the above work is carried out quarterly, the loss of solvent and the amount of treatment should account for about 1 of the total amount of solvent. Other cleaning techniques should also consider other questions. At present, people's words are most concentrated on health, safety and environmental protection. Diligent engineers must pursue and keep up with the times.
The new type of cleaning agent should be evaluated patiently, taking into account the degree of washing, physiological toxicity and atmospheric pollution.
In addition, environmental issues are also a factor that cannot be ignored. In California, the regulation of 0 volatile substances is very strict, so washing is undoubtedly the best choice. However, the current cost of hydropower is too high for people to bear.
The development of technology has also placed certain risks on the planning of future cleaning methods. For example, in the 1990s, the electronics industry switched from gas phase cleaning to water washing technology, and successfully cleaned through-hole plates and 3 PCT plates for many years. But now it is back to gas phase cleaning because gas phase cleaning is beneficial for cleaning high-density devices, saving power, and not using water.
For today's engineers, the biggest question is what will make this technology derailed tomorrow, and it is difficult to find a cleaning technology that will not be eliminated too early.
Conclusion As mentioned above, there are many factors that affect the new cleaning system. The following is a summary of the specific operation methods of the cleaning scorecard. 3. Determine the cleaning requirements for your products today and tomorrow, and divide these requirements into the required daily production per hour.
Hey. Compare various cleaning techniques. Send cleaning samples to the equipment manufacturer to verify that their systems meet your requirements and eliminate undesired equipment systems.
Collect various data about device characteristics from the remaining available systems. It is necessary to check the pre-investment fee, land occupation fee, installation fee, energy fee, water fee, solvent fee, labor cost and maintenance fee.
The most commonly used index in the industry is the number of parts that are cleaned at the total cost.
6. Choose a solution that minimizes the number of parts that can be cleaned at the total cost. Work cost models for equipment of various types and sizes are made using standard statistical tools. For the simplified scorecard for doing this analysis, compare the factors with the electronic data eyebrows, the type of the system, the gas phase area, the number of workpieces, the number of workpieces, the number of cycles required for the cleaning cycle, the number of minute cycles, the number of minutes of cleaning, the cleaning Hours æ›° average output board quantity hour solvent cost per æ›° solvent loss kg solvent cost æ›° labor cost full load labor hour labor cost æ›° electricity fee electricity unit price Kw.H electricity consumption KwH electricity fee daily total cost æ›° total cost cleaning workpiece solvent cost workpiece Electricity Expenses Workforce Costs Total Cost of Workpieces Workpiece Type 0 If the above process is completed accurately and completely, you should be confident in your choice and believe that this will be fixed in the future.
The compiler notes that this article refers to the article written by Mr. Mike Jones during the compilation process. MikeJones has been a leader in desktop cleaning for more than a decade. The company's products include water-based cleaners, a range of solvents, hydrocarbon terpene cleaners and ever-improving benchtop tools to reduce cleaning costs. Interested readers can use the following email address with Mr. Yun 18 meeting information Earth Technology Forum 15th Annual Meeting, April 135, 2004, Washington, USA. 6侃01.,001
You would be happy if you use a light and beautiful kitchen tongs, the Nylon tongs could fix your requirements. It could be shaped beautiful shapes like cake, corn, head, snow flower, etc. Fact proofs that the Christmas type tongs have great selling annual. The heat resistance of Nylon materials is 230 °C, it won't be any harmful substances when picking the thermal foods.
Nylon Tong,Nylon Food Tong,Nylon Kitchen Tong,Nylon Salad Tong
Fortary Industry&Trading Co., Ltd. , https://www.kitchenset.de