Mountain climbing is a challenge to a harsh and sinister natural environment and it is a challenge to its own physical and psychological limits. Therefore, there are dangers for mountaineering, especially for alpine adventures. In recent years, more and more people have participated in mountaineering and mountaineering-related activities such as alpine skiing, scientific investigations in mountainous regions, mountain cross-country etc., and various accidents and deaths are evident. To increase, how to effectively prevent the occurrence of mountain accidents and how to rescue them after a mountain accident should be an important subject for us to study in depth and a required course for participating in mountaineering personnel.
First, the general situation of the mountain.
Due to the existence of objective risk factors and sudden accidental accidents, climbing accidents cannot be completely avoided. According to the author's statistics, during the period from 1979 to 1984, the incidence of accidental deaths of mountaineers in China was 1.9%, which was roughly the case after 1984. This is lower than the statistics of Ward of the United Kingdom and Yamamoto Shinichi of Japan. In recent years, with the deepening of the understanding of the natural environment, the increase in mountaineering experience, the improvement of mountaineering technology, the improvement of various safeguard conditions, the incidence of deaths in mountaineering deaths has gradually declined. However, with the increasing number of people participating in mountaineering, the number of mountaineering accidents and the total number of victims has increased significantly.
In China, the areas with the highest number of mountain climbing accidents are Mount Everest in Tibet and Gongga Mountain in Sichuan. Everest is the highest peak in the world. Poor natural conditions, severe oxygen deficiency in the mountains, coupled with the large number of people to climb, and therefore the highest number of mountaineering accidents. The Gongga Mountain is known as the “mountain of the devilâ€. From the end of 1957 to the end of 1984, 20 climbers were killed there. Among them, there are four people in China, four in Japan, one in the United States, and one in Switzerland. The highest incidence of mountaineering accidents is due to unpredictable weather conditions and steep terrain. Several accidents were caused by sudden snowfall or Fog, so that the climber could not distinguish the direction and terrain and slipped.
Second, the main types of climbing accidents and their causes.
Mountaineering accidents refer to accidents that cause personal injury due to mountain hazards or natural disasters or (and) technical mistakes made by climbers. Commonly there are slides, snow, ice collapse, mountain sickness, fall into the cracks, frostbite, systemic failure caused by lack of oxygen and excessive fatigue, rolling stones, mudslides, flash floods, lightning attacks, beast bites and other poisonous insects. Light causes momentary damage to the body, and severe cases can cause lifelong disability and death.
Slides are common climbing accidents and the main cause of mountain catastrophe. According to statistics from Chinese, English and Japanese scholars, they accounted for 37.3% to 70% of all mountain deaths. The other major causes of fatal accidents were: avalanches, mountain diseases, falling into cracks, and systemic failure.
The “slip of an ancient hate†slip is the most common climbing accident, and it is also the worst mountaineering accident. Because the objective reason for the occurrence of a slip is a steep hill and slippery road, and in most cases this is the difficulty that can be overcome with physical techniques and effective equipment. The occurrence of slips, the road and the climber's technical errors have different degrees of relationship. There are:
(I) Improper use of safety protection technology.
Many slide accidents are caused by separate actions without mutual protection. Although there is a group action, there is no alternate fixed protection. When a person falls, the entire knot is towed and the abyss is dropped.
First, the general situation of the mountain.
Due to the existence of objective risk factors and sudden accidental accidents, climbing accidents cannot be completely avoided. According to the author's statistics, during the period from 1979 to 1984, the incidence of accidental deaths of mountaineers in China was 1.9%, which was roughly the case after 1984. This is lower than the statistics of Ward of the United Kingdom and Yamamoto Shinichi of Japan. In recent years, with the deepening of the understanding of the natural environment, the increase in mountaineering experience, the improvement of mountaineering technology, the improvement of various safeguard conditions, the incidence of deaths in mountaineering deaths has gradually declined. However, with the increasing number of people participating in mountaineering, the number of mountaineering accidents and the total number of victims has increased significantly.
In China, the areas with the highest number of mountain climbing accidents are Mount Everest in Tibet and Gongga Mountain in Sichuan. Everest is the highest peak in the world. Poor natural conditions, severe oxygen deficiency in the mountains, coupled with the large number of people to climb, and therefore the highest number of mountaineering accidents. The Gongga Mountain is known as the “mountain of the devilâ€. From the end of 1957 to the end of 1984, 20 climbers were killed there. Among them, there are four people in China, four in Japan, one in the United States, and one in Switzerland. The highest incidence of mountaineering accidents is due to unpredictable weather conditions and steep terrain. Several accidents were caused by sudden snowfall or Fog, so that the climber could not distinguish the direction and terrain and slipped.
Second, the main types of climbing accidents and their causes.
Mountaineering accidents refer to accidents that cause personal injury due to mountain hazards or natural disasters or (and) technical mistakes made by climbers. Commonly there are slides, snow, ice collapse, mountain sickness, fall into the cracks, frostbite, systemic failure caused by lack of oxygen and excessive fatigue, rolling stones, mudslides, flash floods, lightning attacks, beast bites and other poisonous insects. Light causes momentary damage to the body, and severe cases can cause lifelong disability and death.
Slides are common climbing accidents and the main cause of mountain catastrophe. According to statistics from Chinese, English and Japanese scholars, they accounted for 37.3% to 70% of all mountain deaths. The other major causes of fatal accidents were: avalanches, mountain diseases, falling into cracks, and systemic failure.
The “slip of an ancient hate†slip is the most common climbing accident, and it is also the worst mountaineering accident. Because the objective reason for the occurrence of a slip is a steep hill and slippery road, and in most cases this is the difficulty that can be overcome with physical techniques and effective equipment. The occurrence of slips, the road and the climber's technical errors have different degrees of relationship. There are:
(I) Improper use of safety protection technology.
Many slide accidents are caused by separate actions without mutual protection. Although there is a group action, there is no alternate fixed protection. When a person falls, the entire knot is towed and the abyss is dropped.