This refers to the standard issues of the scope of the mark-up applied to the project, and it mostly occurs in printing, especially binding. What does the generous bonus in print pricing projects apply to those projects? Publishing or custody printing units and printing companies often hold their own words. Some publishing or declaring units do not give extra bonuses to printing. Actually, the area of ​​graphic products of large products is generally larger than that of positive products. The liquids used in the development, fixing and rinsing of the printing process, etc. The time is more than the positive product, so according to the standard, we should give the printing project a generous bonus. Similarly, white oil should also be given a generous bonus. Because the generous use of white oil is definitely more than positive.
So, should you give magnanimity bonus when you run empty?
In the actual printing process, no operation is performed on the vacant rollers, so the vacant project should not be given a generous bonus.
The first is the setting of the short-term addition project, because according to the actual production, short-run products have lower output than long-run products, so they must be compensated.
The second is the range of short-term additions. The ten-table book binding instruction states in Article 12 that this method applies to all book bindings. The intention of this article is that the short-term markup applies not only to the ten-table bookbinding and color inserting, but also to the eleven-table bookbinding parts. Because the part is an integral part of the book, it is not possible to have 6,000 books for the whole book, and 60,000 for the parts. Since it is also a short version of the book, it should be subject to the short version of the standard.
Some publishing or demarcation units only added bonuses to the items and color inserts of Table X. They are not in conformity with the standards. The standard should be understood as: All paper-related work items should be included. All the items in Table XI except for enveloping should be included. The generous addition criterion applies not only to the ten-table bookbinding and color inserting, but also to the eleventh table-bookbinding part. Because parts are an integral part of the book. The cover price increase standard for pressed plastic films should be implemented. In the hardcover cover project, the price should be increased. In production and work practices, the majority of managers gradually realized that in order to prevent the occurrence of man-hours, especially short products with a small number of books, a basic absolute number must be given as a minimum. This number is generally set at a minimum of 30 volumes. If more than 30 volumes are calculated based on the ratio of additions and disbursement, the calculation results should be implemented.
With the advancement of science and technology, printing equipment and materials are constantly updated, and new processing methods and techniques are also emerging. In production practice, each kind of processing requires a certain percentage of void rate, so it must be given a certain number of additions and discharges. Moreover, there is a kind of processing that has a number of additions and discharges. For example, if the same processing object is subjected to three kinds of processing, it is necessary to give three times of addition and release. When calculating the total number of additions, it is necessary to add three times of addition and release. The two parties, the appointing unit and the printing house, should reach a consensus on the above principles. As for specific proportions or data, both parties should base their data on the actual invalidation data and carry out trial operation, and then modify the existing standards according to the test run results.
The ambiguity in this regard has affected the pricing of the printing and printing projects. There are two concepts that need to be clarified here: the concept of publishing sheets and imprints. The first is the publication of the printed sheets, which is the number of sheets we have seen on the copyright page of the book, such as 1.125/1.25/1.375/1.5/10.75/0.875. All parts less than 1 are collectively referred to as zero prints. The second is to install (on) edition stamps, which means that the printing press is installed several times. The number of printed copies can only be greater than the number of printed copies. For example, 0.5/0.125/0.25 and other zero stamps are each a printed sheet, and 0.375/0.625/0.75 must be divided into 0.125+0.25/0.125+0.5/0.25+0.5 two-fold printing plates, so they are two loading plates respectively. . 0.875 must be divided into 0.125 + 0.25 + 0.5 three times, so it is three imprints. The difference between these two concepts is directly related to the calculation of the number of prints in the printing price and the number of printing times (tables), especially the valuation of printed products with a minimum number of prints and below is even more important. When the publishing or declaring unit prints the price, some of them only include the zero prints. This is inconsistent with the standards stipulated in the wage table and does not meet the actual conditions of production.
Suppose a book is printed with 0.875 prints, 16,000 prints, and two-sided offset.
a. According to the standard pricing, we must divide 0. 875 into 0.5/0.25/0.125 three sets of printed sheets respectively. Set 10 RMB for each pair of printing, and 70 RMB per color for printing on each color. The minimum number is 5000. There are: printing on the printing fee = 70 RMB x 2 (color) x 3 (engraving stamp) = 420 RMB . The printing fee for 0.5 sheets is A = 10 yuan × 16000/1000 × 0.5 (print sheet) × 2 (color) = 160 yuan. The actual number of prints of the two 0.25 and 0.125 press sheets is less than 5,000, which means they are priced at 5000. Printing fee = 10 yuan × 5000/1000 × 2 (color) (2 times for plate printing) = 200 yuan. The price of the product's zero print sheet = 420 + 160 + 200 = 780 yuan.
b. If only the zero sheets are included in the calculation, the price will have a greater difference: 0.875 is a total of 1, then the printing fee on the sun = 70 yuan × 2 (color) × 1 = 140 yuan. The printing fee for 1 sheet is 10 yuan x 16000/1000 x 1 (print sheet) x 2 (color) = 320 yuan. The price of the product's zero print sheet = 140+320 = 460 yuan. The difference from the standard calculation is 780-460=320 yuan. If you want to calculate more than the minimum number, just set the number of copies of the book to 50000, and the rest of the conditions will be the same. There are; a. According to the standard pricing on the printing fee = 70 yuan × 2 (color) × 3 (installed printing sheets) = 420 yuan. The printing fee for 0.5 sheets is 10 yuan x 50000/1000 x 0.5 (sheets) x 2 (color) = 500 yuan. Printing fee of 0.25 sheets = 10 yuan × 50000/1000 × 0.25 (print sheets) × 2 (color) = 250 yuan 0.125 Printing fee of sheets = 10 yen × 50000/1000) × 0.125 (print sheets) × 2 (color) = 125 yuan. The price of the product's zero print sheet = 420+500+250+125=1295.
If only the zero sheets are counted, the price will be different: 0.875 is a total of 1, then the printing fee is 70 yuan × 2 (color) × 1 = 140 yuan. 1 printing fee for printing sheets = 10 yuan × 50000/1000 × 1 (print sheet) × 2 (color) = 1000 yen. The price of this product's zero print sheet is 140+1000=1140 yuan. The difference from the standard calculation is 1295-1140=155 yuan. The author believes that the publishing and printing parties should still valuate according to the standards set by the labor price and the actual production, and try to accurately embody the principle of socialist distribution based on work pay. For example, the printing field, flat screen layout, or the use of spot colors, gold, silver ink, anti-counterfeiting and other special ink, the paper loss is more, increase the number of release should be properly increased, greater than the standard value. The use of special printing materials such as gold and silver cardboard, rice paper, special paper, etc., because of poor printability, the loss in the printing process, the need to increase the paper increase and release rate, especially rice paper, I am afraid that the increase and release rate It can only be used if it is calculated in numbers.
The standardized understanding and processing of overweight webs is that the actual weight is greater than the standard value at the specified area value, so that the actual paper area that the printing plant can use is insufficient. However, publishing or entrusted printing units calculate and pay for materials at the standard value, which creates a dispute. The way to resolve this dispute is first of all to be verified on the spot by the publishing or printing unit, the printing factory, and the paper mill. There are two standard methods for verification.
The first method is to take 1,000 copies of the printed off-page book, and use a more accurate weighing tool to make measurements. Compare the measurement results with the nominal values ​​to determine the overweight ratio. The three parties negotiated on the basis of the measurement results, either by the paper mill supplying the paper balance to the printing plant, or the publishing or decrementing unit reducing the material fee. For example, using 52g/m 2 , 787mm width roll paper for printing, according to the paper industry standards and the cutting plane of the printing press, the theoretical value of each paper weight should be 22.34kg. If the on-site measurement weight is 22.6kg, The proportion of paper overweight is approximately: 22.6-22.34/22.34×100%=1%. Assuming the use of this paper is 100 tons, then the paper mill should send one ton of paper to the printing factory again. Only in accordance with the number of print or decrement units can complete the printing task. If the printing factory fills the gap in the paper, it should pay less to the paper mill in the amount of 1 ton of paper: 5,000 yuan x 1 = 5,000 yuan.
The second method is to weigh the intended web that will be printed on the spot and calculate the number of pages that should be printed according to the actual weight. Then use this web to print immediately. Check the number of pages on the spot and compare them with the theoretical values ​​to calculate the reduction of pages. After the program can be carried out by the first method. For example, a 60 g/m 2 , 850 mm width web is used for printing. According to the paper industry standard and the cutting plane of the printing press, the theoretical value of the number of pages per ton of paper that can be printed out should be 28.5 orders. If a web with a weight of 400 kg is actually printed and the pages are actually printed at a rate of 28 reams per ton, the proportion of overweight of that kind of paper is approximately: (28.5-28)/28×100% = 1.8%. Assume that the paper is The use is also 100 tons, then the paper mill should send 1.8 tons of paper to the printing factory again, so that the printing factory can complete the printing task according to the quantity stipulated by the publishing or decrement printing unit. If the printing plant fills the gap in the paper, it should pay less to the paper mill in the amount of 1.8 tons of paper: 6,000 yuan × 1.8 = 10,800 yuan.
It is not feasible to calculate the volume and volume of web shortened products according to the standard ratio. For example, if you print 3,000 volumes of books and periodicals, you should calculate the percentage by the standard percentage. You should add 30 to the number. In practical operation, the loss of paper is nearly 10m for each printing plate, and 20 pieces of paper are combined. It is obviously not enough to use. Therefore, in the work practice, a new standard solution is created, that is, each time the plate is replaced, an additional plate of 5 kg is added and added. This 5 kg is specifically designed for 52 g/m 2 weight, 787 mm width paper, if used Other weight or width of the paper, but also to convert, the conversion formula is: 5kg × 40 / paper used paper output rate. For example, the use of 787mm width of 60g/m 2 paper, the amount of increase in the upper plate: 5kg × 40/35 = 5.7kg. For example, the use of 52g/m 2 weight, 850mm width of the paper, the plate add and release: 5kg × 40/33=6.1kg. Roll paper is very paper product. The general paper for rotary printing machines is usually 52g/m2, 55g/m2, 60g/m2 letterpress/writing paper. If the use of dictionaries or other rotary paper machines, such as paper or offset paper, the ink absorption performance is not as good as ordinary writing. Paper paper, the paper output rate should be reduced appropriately.
So, should you give magnanimity bonus when you run empty?
In the actual printing process, no operation is performed on the vacant rollers, so the vacant project should not be given a generous bonus.
The first is the setting of the short-term addition project, because according to the actual production, short-run products have lower output than long-run products, so they must be compensated.
The second is the range of short-term additions. The ten-table book binding instruction states in Article 12 that this method applies to all book bindings. The intention of this article is that the short-term markup applies not only to the ten-table bookbinding and color inserting, but also to the eleven-table bookbinding parts. Because the part is an integral part of the book, it is not possible to have 6,000 books for the whole book, and 60,000 for the parts. Since it is also a short version of the book, it should be subject to the short version of the standard.
Some publishing or demarcation units only added bonuses to the items and color inserts of Table X. They are not in conformity with the standards. The standard should be understood as: All paper-related work items should be included. All the items in Table XI except for enveloping should be included. The generous addition criterion applies not only to the ten-table bookbinding and color inserting, but also to the eleventh table-bookbinding part. Because parts are an integral part of the book. The cover price increase standard for pressed plastic films should be implemented. In the hardcover cover project, the price should be increased. In production and work practices, the majority of managers gradually realized that in order to prevent the occurrence of man-hours, especially short products with a small number of books, a basic absolute number must be given as a minimum. This number is generally set at a minimum of 30 volumes. If more than 30 volumes are calculated based on the ratio of additions and disbursement, the calculation results should be implemented.
With the advancement of science and technology, printing equipment and materials are constantly updated, and new processing methods and techniques are also emerging. In production practice, each kind of processing requires a certain percentage of void rate, so it must be given a certain number of additions and discharges. Moreover, there is a kind of processing that has a number of additions and discharges. For example, if the same processing object is subjected to three kinds of processing, it is necessary to give three times of addition and release. When calculating the total number of additions, it is necessary to add three times of addition and release. The two parties, the appointing unit and the printing house, should reach a consensus on the above principles. As for specific proportions or data, both parties should base their data on the actual invalidation data and carry out trial operation, and then modify the existing standards according to the test run results.
The ambiguity in this regard has affected the pricing of the printing and printing projects. There are two concepts that need to be clarified here: the concept of publishing sheets and imprints. The first is the publication of the printed sheets, which is the number of sheets we have seen on the copyright page of the book, such as 1.125/1.25/1.375/1.5/10.75/0.875. All parts less than 1 are collectively referred to as zero prints. The second is to install (on) edition stamps, which means that the printing press is installed several times. The number of printed copies can only be greater than the number of printed copies. For example, 0.5/0.125/0.25 and other zero stamps are each a printed sheet, and 0.375/0.625/0.75 must be divided into 0.125+0.25/0.125+0.5/0.25+0.5 two-fold printing plates, so they are two loading plates respectively. . 0.875 must be divided into 0.125 + 0.25 + 0.5 three times, so it is three imprints. The difference between these two concepts is directly related to the calculation of the number of prints in the printing price and the number of printing times (tables), especially the valuation of printed products with a minimum number of prints and below is even more important. When the publishing or declaring unit prints the price, some of them only include the zero prints. This is inconsistent with the standards stipulated in the wage table and does not meet the actual conditions of production.
Suppose a book is printed with 0.875 prints, 16,000 prints, and two-sided offset.
a. According to the standard pricing, we must divide 0. 875 into 0.5/0.25/0.125 three sets of printed sheets respectively. Set 10 RMB for each pair of printing, and 70 RMB per color for printing on each color. The minimum number is 5000. There are: printing on the printing fee = 70 RMB x 2 (color) x 3 (engraving stamp) = 420 RMB . The printing fee for 0.5 sheets is A = 10 yuan × 16000/1000 × 0.5 (print sheet) × 2 (color) = 160 yuan. The actual number of prints of the two 0.25 and 0.125 press sheets is less than 5,000, which means they are priced at 5000. Printing fee = 10 yuan × 5000/1000 × 2 (color) (2 times for plate printing) = 200 yuan. The price of the product's zero print sheet = 420 + 160 + 200 = 780 yuan.
b. If only the zero sheets are included in the calculation, the price will have a greater difference: 0.875 is a total of 1, then the printing fee on the sun = 70 yuan × 2 (color) × 1 = 140 yuan. The printing fee for 1 sheet is 10 yuan x 16000/1000 x 1 (print sheet) x 2 (color) = 320 yuan. The price of the product's zero print sheet = 140+320 = 460 yuan. The difference from the standard calculation is 780-460=320 yuan. If you want to calculate more than the minimum number, just set the number of copies of the book to 50000, and the rest of the conditions will be the same. There are; a. According to the standard pricing on the printing fee = 70 yuan × 2 (color) × 3 (installed printing sheets) = 420 yuan. The printing fee for 0.5 sheets is 10 yuan x 50000/1000 x 0.5 (sheets) x 2 (color) = 500 yuan. Printing fee of 0.25 sheets = 10 yuan × 50000/1000 × 0.25 (print sheets) × 2 (color) = 250 yuan 0.125 Printing fee of sheets = 10 yen × 50000/1000) × 0.125 (print sheets) × 2 (color) = 125 yuan. The price of the product's zero print sheet = 420+500+250+125=1295.
If only the zero sheets are counted, the price will be different: 0.875 is a total of 1, then the printing fee is 70 yuan × 2 (color) × 1 = 140 yuan. 1 printing fee for printing sheets = 10 yuan × 50000/1000 × 1 (print sheet) × 2 (color) = 1000 yen. The price of this product's zero print sheet is 140+1000=1140 yuan. The difference from the standard calculation is 1295-1140=155 yuan. The author believes that the publishing and printing parties should still valuate according to the standards set by the labor price and the actual production, and try to accurately embody the principle of socialist distribution based on work pay. For example, the printing field, flat screen layout, or the use of spot colors, gold, silver ink, anti-counterfeiting and other special ink, the paper loss is more, increase the number of release should be properly increased, greater than the standard value. The use of special printing materials such as gold and silver cardboard, rice paper, special paper, etc., because of poor printability, the loss in the printing process, the need to increase the paper increase and release rate, especially rice paper, I am afraid that the increase and release rate It can only be used if it is calculated in numbers.
The standardized understanding and processing of overweight webs is that the actual weight is greater than the standard value at the specified area value, so that the actual paper area that the printing plant can use is insufficient. However, publishing or entrusted printing units calculate and pay for materials at the standard value, which creates a dispute. The way to resolve this dispute is first of all to be verified on the spot by the publishing or printing unit, the printing factory, and the paper mill. There are two standard methods for verification.
The first method is to take 1,000 copies of the printed off-page book, and use a more accurate weighing tool to make measurements. Compare the measurement results with the nominal values ​​to determine the overweight ratio. The three parties negotiated on the basis of the measurement results, either by the paper mill supplying the paper balance to the printing plant, or the publishing or decrementing unit reducing the material fee. For example, using 52g/m 2 , 787mm width roll paper for printing, according to the paper industry standards and the cutting plane of the printing press, the theoretical value of each paper weight should be 22.34kg. If the on-site measurement weight is 22.6kg, The proportion of paper overweight is approximately: 22.6-22.34/22.34×100%=1%. Assuming the use of this paper is 100 tons, then the paper mill should send one ton of paper to the printing factory again. Only in accordance with the number of print or decrement units can complete the printing task. If the printing factory fills the gap in the paper, it should pay less to the paper mill in the amount of 1 ton of paper: 5,000 yuan x 1 = 5,000 yuan.
The second method is to weigh the intended web that will be printed on the spot and calculate the number of pages that should be printed according to the actual weight. Then use this web to print immediately. Check the number of pages on the spot and compare them with the theoretical values ​​to calculate the reduction of pages. After the program can be carried out by the first method. For example, a 60 g/m 2 , 850 mm width web is used for printing. According to the paper industry standard and the cutting plane of the printing press, the theoretical value of the number of pages per ton of paper that can be printed out should be 28.5 orders. If a web with a weight of 400 kg is actually printed and the pages are actually printed at a rate of 28 reams per ton, the proportion of overweight of that kind of paper is approximately: (28.5-28)/28×100% = 1.8%. Assume that the paper is The use is also 100 tons, then the paper mill should send 1.8 tons of paper to the printing factory again, so that the printing factory can complete the printing task according to the quantity stipulated by the publishing or decrement printing unit. If the printing plant fills the gap in the paper, it should pay less to the paper mill in the amount of 1.8 tons of paper: 6,000 yuan × 1.8 = 10,800 yuan.
It is not feasible to calculate the volume and volume of web shortened products according to the standard ratio. For example, if you print 3,000 volumes of books and periodicals, you should calculate the percentage by the standard percentage. You should add 30 to the number. In practical operation, the loss of paper is nearly 10m for each printing plate, and 20 pieces of paper are combined. It is obviously not enough to use. Therefore, in the work practice, a new standard solution is created, that is, each time the plate is replaced, an additional plate of 5 kg is added and added. This 5 kg is specifically designed for 52 g/m 2 weight, 787 mm width paper, if used Other weight or width of the paper, but also to convert, the conversion formula is: 5kg × 40 / paper used paper output rate. For example, the use of 787mm width of 60g/m 2 paper, the amount of increase in the upper plate: 5kg × 40/35 = 5.7kg. For example, the use of 52g/m 2 weight, 850mm width of the paper, the plate add and release: 5kg × 40/33=6.1kg. Roll paper is very paper product. The general paper for rotary printing machines is usually 52g/m2, 55g/m2, 60g/m2 letterpress/writing paper. If the use of dictionaries or other rotary paper machines, such as paper or offset paper, the ink absorption performance is not as good as ordinary writing. Paper paper, the paper output rate should be reduced appropriately.
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