In order to understand the current green environmental protection of flooring and panels, and comply with consumers' pursuit of “environmental home and healthy livingâ€, at the end of May this year, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Shandong, Henan, Hubei 28 provinces and municipalities, Hunan, Guangdong, Chongqing, Sichuan, Dalian, Xiamen, Shenyang, Changchun, Harbin, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Jinan, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Xi'an, Kunming, and other consumer organizations and Chinese consumer newspapers, a total of 29 The consumer rights protection unit, in conjunction with the China Indoor Decoration Association Green Home Environmental Technology Working Committee, lasted for three months and carried out a comparative test of environmental performance of flooring and board.
A total of 35 samples were tested in this comparative test, including 28 floor samples (15 laminate flooring and 13 parquet flooring) and 7 panel samples. Among them, 7 plate samples are mainly selected from the market to declare low formaldehyde or use non-aldehyde glue plate, 28 floor samples are selected from the market's best-selling, mainstream mainstream brands in the industry.
The comparison test results show that according to the national mandatory standard "Limits of formaldehyde emission in wood-based panels and their products for interior decoration materials" (GB18580-2001), the formaldehyde emission rate of 35 samples is 97.14%, and the overall environmental protection of flooring and panels The compliance rate is high, and the green environmental performance of large brand flooring and sheet products is trustworthy. Although the compliance rate is high, the single sample compliance does not mean that the home is environmentally friendly. Overlaying too much decorative material may still cause harm. Commonly known as aldehyde-free flooring and board, the wood itself contains trace amounts of formaldehyde, but the use of formaldehyde without the addition of formaldehyde does not mean that formaldehyde is not present in the product.
Scientific and rigorous testing methods
In recent years, consumers have paid more and more attention to home environmental protection and health, and formaldehyde is considered to be a carcinogenic pollutant, and it is the "invisible killer" of home decoration. E0 grade and “aldehyde-free†products have also emerged in the building materials market to meet consumer demand for green homes. The purpose of this comparative test is to gain a deeper understanding of the current environmental protection status of the domestic flooring and board market, and urge enterprises to continuously improve and improve the environmental protection level, so that consumers can use environmentally friendly flooring and sheet products. In order to ensure the objective and impartiality of the event, the organizers of this comparative test activity collected 35 mainstream brand samples on the market through anonymous purchase, and sent them to the testing unit for testing.
The testing unit of this comparative test is the National Furniture and Indoor Environmental Quality Supervision and Inspection Center. The test method for formaldehyde emission of 35 samples was carried out according to the "Limits of formaldehyde emission in wood-based panels and their products for interior decoration materials". The formaldehyde emission of 4 particleboard and oriented particleboard samples was detected by perforation extraction method, and formaldehyde was released. The quantity requirement is E1≤9mg/100g and can be directly used indoors. E2≤30mg/100g must be allowed to be used indoors after finishing treatment. The formaldehyde emission of the three plywood samples and the 28 floor samples was measured by the dryer method, and the formaldehyde emission requirement was E1 ≤ 1.5 mg/L, which could be directly used indoors. In order to understand whether some of the floor and board will reduce the amount of formaldehyde released, other volatile organic chemicals harmful to the human body will rise. This comparison test has a total volatile organic content of 12 samples with high environmental protection grade. The compound (TVOC) was tested according to the "Technical Requirements for Environmental Labeling Products and Its Products" (HJ571-2010).
High formaldehyde compliance rate
According to the provisions of GB18580-2001, among the 35 samples examined, 34 of them were within the specified range, and the overall compliance rate of formaldehyde was 97.14%.
Although according to the national mandatory standard GB18580-2001, the formaldehyde emission of the tested samples is basically up to standard, but the standard only specifies the limits of E1 and E2, and there is no E0 level (0.5) which requires higher environmental protection requirements for floors and boards. Mg/L). The E0 grade is only specified in some specific product standards. For example, "Plywood" (GB/T9846-2004) stipulates the E0 grade of plywood, and the impregnated paper laminated wooden floor (GB18102-2007) stipulates the E0 of the laminate flooring. level. Compared with these standards, only 15 samples of 15 laminate flooring samples had a formaldehyde emission of E0, and the remaining 12 samples only reached the E1 level of GB18580-2001. In addition, there is no corresponding standard for the non-aldehyde rubber sheet. On June 17, the Ministry of Commerce issued the “Green Plate Purchasing Regulationsâ€, which will be implemented on December 1 this year. The Green Plate Purchasing Regulations classify green plates into three levels: G1, G2, and G3. From the test results, the values ​​of the three “aldehyde-free†wood-based panels tested are in line with the G2 and above in the Green Plate Purchasing Code. .
"Technical requirements for environmental labeling products, wood-based panels and their products" stipulates that the TVOC release rate is ≤0.50mg/m2·h (72h), and the 12 tested samples have lower values ​​of formaldehyde emission, and the measured values ​​of TVOC are all ≤ 0.50 mg/m2·h (72 h) or less, all of which were acceptable.
Non-aldehyde rubber sheet performs well
As the main raw material of household products, wood-based panels have a wide variety, and environmental protection indicators directly determine the overall release of harmful substances in furniture, flooring and other products, and have an important impact on the quality of indoor air. The seven plate samples in this comparative test were produced by plate companies with high reputation and good reputation in the market, and five of them were non-aldehyde rubber sheets.
The results of the comparative test showed that the formaldehyde emission of the seven samples was lower than the standard limit (see Table 1) and performed well. Among them, the value of formaldehyde emission in 5 non-aldehyde rubber sheets is particularly good. 2 aldehyde-free plywoods - Jixin aldehyde-free plywood produced by Xuzhou Meilinsen Wood Co., Ltd., and the nominal Henan Xingwangjia Technology Co., Ltd. The Zhengwang aldehyde-free plywood produced has a value of 0.2mg/L, which is far below the limit requirement of E0≤0.5mg/L. In addition, the use of aldehyde-free plastic directional structural panels - nominally Hubei Baoyuan Wood Co., Ltd. produced Baoyuan fine wood board also showed good formaldehyde emission.
It is understood that raw materials such as wood or non-woody plant fibers will also release formaldehyde, and the amount of formaldehyde released varies according to the species. Current data show that the formaldehyde emission of wood is about 0.2 mg/L. According to the "Green Plate Purchasing Regulations" issued by the Ministry of Commerce, the green sheet produced by formaldehyde-free adhesive means that the adhesive used in the manufacturing process of the artificial board is an aldehyde-free adhesive, and the release amount of free formaldehyde in the artificial board is not higher than the wood used or not. The amount of formaldehyde released from the wood plant fiber raw material, the product meeting this requirement is designated as the highest grade G1 of green sheet. Therefore, in order to distinguish whether the sheet product is a green sheet using an aldehyde-free adhesive, it is one of the key factors to see which adhesive is used. The formaldehyde-free adhesive itself does not contain formaldehyde. Soybeans (4536, -2.00, -0.04%), starch adhesives, MDI modified adhesives and resin adhesives currently used on the market are all aldehyde-free adhesives. From the results of this comparative test, although the formaldehyde-free rubber sheets were all measured with trace amounts of formaldehyde, the formaldehyde emission values ​​were very low. This also indicates that the formaldehyde-free sheet is not free of formaldehyde, but the formaldehyde is derived from the wood itself, not from the adhesive, and the environmental performance may be better.
Parquet is up to standard
The comparative test sampled 13 samples of solid wood composite flooring. According to the provisions of GB18580-2001, the formaldehyde emission of E1 grade solid wood composite floor was ≤1.5mg/L, and all 13 solid wood composite floor samples were qualified (see Table 2). Among them, 12 samples had a formaldehyde emission of less than 0.5 mg/L, and 10 samples had a formaldehyde emission of 0.3 mg/L or less, and the overall performance was good.
The solid wood composite floor has both the natural properties of the solid wood floor and the wear-resisting characteristics of the laminate flooring. The price is accepted by most consumers and gradually becomes the mainstream of the floor market. Since 2003, the consumption of solid wood composite flooring has grown rapidly, and it has become one of the leading products in China's wood flooring industry. However, the current "Limits of formaldehyde emission in wood-based panels and their products for interior decoration materials" only specifies E1 grade (formaldehyde emission amount ≤ 1.5mg / l), and there is no E0 grade that involves higher environmental protection requirements. Referring to the E0 grade of plywood laminate flooring, only one of the 13 solid wood composite floorings in this comparative test has a slightly higher formaldehyde emission value than E0 (≤0.5mg/L), and the remaining 12 samples can be used. Meet the E0 standard. By comparing the test data, it can be seen that a considerable number of companies produce products that can reach higher standards. Therefore, the environmental standards of China's solid wood composite flooring need to be improved.
E0 grade laminate flooring accounted for 13.33%
Compared with solid wood composite flooring, the standard grading of laminate flooring is clearer and stricter. In addition to GB18580-2001, there is E1 grade numerical requirement for laminate flooring, and the national standard for laminate flooring is “impregnated paper laminated wood flooring†(GB18102- 2007) The laminate flooring is divided into two levels, E0 and E1.
The laminate flooring was the most tested, with a total of 15 samples, accounting for 53.57% of the total number of floors. According to the provisions of GB18580-2001, the release of E1 grade formaldehyde in laminate flooring is ≤1.5mg/L. According to the provisions of GB/T18102-2007, the E0 standard requires A
The amount of aldehyde released is ≤0.5mg/L, and the E1 standard requires formaldehyde emission ≤1.5mg/L.
Among the 15 samples of laminate flooring sampled, the values ​​of 14 samples are in line with national standards (see Table 3), but only 2 of the E0 grades are in compliance with GB/T18102-2007, accounting for 13.33 of the tested samples. %, respectively, is the nominal image of the Phantom Group PK7113 and the nominal film Feilinger M-178 produced by Shanghai Filminger Wood Co., Ltd., the measured values ​​of formaldehyde emission are both 0.5mg / L. There were 8 samples with formaldehyde emission between 0.7 mg/L and 0.9 mg/L, and the other 4 samples had formaldehyde emission between 1.1 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L.
According to the incomplete statistics of China National Forest Products Industry Association, in 2012 China's production and sales of laminate flooring was about 211 million square meters, with a market share of 55.97%. In the case of large market sales and high purchase demand, consumers are still in a weak position of information asymmetry. According to the requirements of "Limits of formaldehyde emission in wood-based panels and their products for interior decoration materials" and "Guidelines for laminated wood flooring for impregnated paper", "the laminate flooring shall be marked with formaldehyde emission in the appropriate part of the product; on the packaging, Enterprises should provide detailed Chinese installation and operation instructions according to the characteristics of their products." However, from the labeling of 15 samples, about 1/3 of the laminate flooring has not been marked on the product packaging whether the environmental protection grade has reached E0 or E1, and some simply replace it with “qualified productsâ€; “Surface wear resistance, formaldehyde emission level I gradeâ€, there is no clear labeling of environmental protection; some imported flooring is marked in English on the outer packaging, there is no Chinese information.
Environmental standards must be standardized
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, consumers pay more attention to health and green when purchasing home products. In 2001, the "Limits of Formaldehyde Release in Wood-based Panels and Their Products for Interior Decoration Materials" could not meet the requirements of consumers for green homes. According to the standard, the floor can reach the E1 level and the board can reach the E2 level. The E0 level with higher environmental protection level only appears in some specific product standards. In addition, the detection methods for the same type of products are different in each standard, the units of the values ​​are not uniform, and the level of demarcation is different. For example, in GB18580-2001, the climate box method and the dryer method are adopted for the solid wood composite floor, and the environmental protection grade is E1. In "Wood Flooring" (GB/T18103-2000), the perforation extraction method is adopted, and the environmental protection grades are classified into Class A and Class B.
Due to the large number of standards and the inconsistency of standards, in addition to the current inspection of enterprises in China's flooring and sheet metal enterprises, this has created a product for some unscrupulous enterprises, “it is low or not high†and promotes the space of “high or lowâ€. The test results show that 60% of the sample formaldehyde emission can reach the E0 level. In other words, from a technical point of view, many domestic enterprises can produce E0 grade plates and flooring. However, the market research of this event shows that the plate market is full of E1 and E2.
Level products, which have a certain degree of relationship with the national standard requirements. In response to this phenomenon, 29 consumer rights protection units called for relevant standards development departments, and environmental protection standards should be forward-looking and scientific. At present, there are many environmental protection standards. It is recommended to standardize the standards, unify the testing methods of similar products, and raise the level of environmental protection standards to comply with the general trend of green environmental protection.
The superposition effect cannot be ignored
There is a superposition effect on the pollution of the home environment, that is, many products, if taken out separately, may meet the national standards, but after the home materials and household products are superimposed, the overall indoor air quality may not meet the standard. In recent years, many people who have just stayed in newly renovated homes, who have worked in high-end office buildings have symptoms such as headache, chest tightness, fatigue, irritability, skin allergies, etc., are called "sick building syndrome" (indoor syndrome). There are two main reasons for the emergence of indoor syndrome: First, the amount of fresh air in the interior of most buildings is insufficient, and the number of air changes is not enough. Second, there is no corresponding regulation on the loading of materials used in decoration in China. Many consumers are in the process of home decoration. There is no control standard for the amount of sheet used.
The current national standard GB18580-2001 only stipulates that the formaldehyde emission can reach the E1 level and can be used indoors. The E2 level must be used for the interior after the finish treatment, and there is no corresponding requirement for the total amount of use. In the case of a single product compliance, it is difficult to ensure that the indoor air quality does not exceed the standard in the case of an increase in the total amount. In some developed countries, the environmental standards for household building materials stipulate that there is no limit on the area of ​​use when reaching a certain level of environmental protection. When it is lower than a certain level of environmental protection, it is recommended to limit the use of the area or prohibit the use. The specific use area can be obtained according to the data application formula.
In this regard, 29 consumer rights protection units believe that while increasing the current national standards, the loading of materials corresponding to each environmental protection level should be regulated, and it is recommended to increase the detection of TVOC release rate in the standard to avoid the decrease of formaldehyde emission. In the case of other total organic volatiles, the value increases.
Sound product green monitoring system
This comparative test activity survey shows that whether the product is environmentally friendly and the raw materials of the plate are closely related, and the environmental protection of the plate is closely related to the adhesive used. At present, there are many domestic wood-based panel production enterprises, mainly small and medium-sized enterprises, and the products are mixed, and the most direct victims are consumers. Therefore, only standards are not enough. A complete certification system is needed to ensure the implementation of standards, to establish a stable market competition order, and to maximize the protection of consumer rights.
Due to cost reasons, the most used by current manufacturers is urea-formaldehyde glue, accounting for about 70-80%. The use of urea-formaldehyde glue is a major factor in the instability of formaldehyde emissions from panels and floors. Some manufacturers only need short-term compliance for inspections. Some special chemical treatments can make the release of formaldehyde in the short-term of the board very low. However, the formaldehyde release period of the plate is 8-15 years. After a period of time, the uncertainty of the formaldehyde emission will appear, becoming a veritable "invisible killer".
In this regard, 29 consumer rights protection units jointly called for improving the environmental protection level of the plate from the source directly related to the quality of the product, directly affecting the living environment of the consumer. The plate production enterprise should raise the awareness of environmental protection and improve the green monitoring system of the product. Improve the production ratio of green plates, cut off pollutants from the source, provide a high-quality material foundation for the environmental protection of green household products, and lay the foundation for consumers to enjoy a true green home life.
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