introduction
In the information age, information technology is maturing, and the benefits of information networking for our production and life are obvious. The important role of IC cards in information networking has been established. IC cards have an irreplaceable role in the process of storing, processing and transmitting information. The application of the IC card allows the nodes of the network to be refined to individuals and relies on the flow of people to generate data streams. As a unique way of storing and flowing data, IC cards are characterized by low-cost, mobile, widely distributed, high-security, and rapidly expandable features that are not available in other network devices.
The wide application prospects of IC cards have made the application of IC cards rapidly popularized. With the development of IC card applications, some problems have arisen. One of the problems is that many IC card applications require people to carry many IC cards at the same time, and people's use of IC cards becomes more and more inconvenient.
In order to solve this problem, two important concepts of "one card multi-use" and "one card" have emerged. The application identification of the IC card is automated by these two concepts. It is not necessary to manually distinguish which card belongs to which application, and the operation of the IC card is faster and more convenient. This humanized design idea has greatly accelerated the flow of information in the network.
What is "one card multi-use"? What is a "one card"?
At present, in the domestic literature, we have not found a precise definition of the words "one card multi-use" and "one card", and these two words are often confused, sometimes indistinguishable, and sometimes manifested. The concept of "one card for multiple uses" is different from "one card." However, in practice and in most of the literature, we feel that the use of these two words is conceptually and functionally biased - there are common places and differences. Here we first define these two concepts in order to express some of our ideas on IC card application design.
First of all, "one card multi-use" and "one card" all use multiple cards to complete multiple applications, but they are different in the sharing of card data.
“One card multi-use†refers to the centralized storage of IC card data of different applications in one IC card. The application security of card data and card is relatively independent for different applications. That is to say, the application data of the IC card must be stored in a partition. The IC card devices of different applications only use their own secure entries to exclusively access and process their own data.
“All-in-one card†also stores IC card data of different applications in one IC card, but the card data is shared in different applications, and the security entry for different applications of shared data is the same. That is, the IC card stores shared data for different applications. For example, different applications share an "e-wallet", which is a typical application of "one card." “One-card†applications often need to establish an intermediary between the card and the application provider (also known as the card company) to manage and finalize the application.
The difference between "one card multi-use" and "one card" in application
We have a clear distinction between the concept of "one card multi-use" and "one card", which brings convenience to the exchange of application types. The distinction between concepts also directly leads to their differences in application. It can be seen that the main difference between "one card multi-use" and "one card" is whether the data is shared (that is, whether the data is "pass"), and should also understand the difference. The data of the application is combined in any way, but after all, it must be separated.
In both applications, the data is combined in the card issuance process. After the card is used, how is it combined? How do you divide it?
First of all, it is an IC card application. As long as it is an IC card application, there will be an IC card management organization (hereinafter referred to as a management center) for card issuing, card recycling, card loss reporting, card unmounting, and the like.
The "one-card multi-purpose" card is uniformly distributed by the management center. It is transparent to the application. The card is not distributed to the content of the data. It only distinguishes the physical location of the data of different applications. It can be understood that only cards of different applications are packaged on one card, and each application system can be independently developed and used.
The "one card" is much more complicated. It integrates the different needs of the application through a design, development, and implementation in a system. The management center (sometimes called the card issuance center) uniformly initializes the data used by each application. There is a unified recharge or personalized outlet. Although it is divided into applications for consumption or use, the data must be collected in the clearing center, and the clearing center will process the collected data in a unified manner before it can be distributed to various applications.
Comparison of "one card multi-use" and "one card" in application
One card multipurpose
One card
Is the data carrier on a card?
Yes
Yes
Application data sharing?
no
Yes
Is the security entrance unified?
no
Yes
Is card management unified?
Yes
Yes
Is there a unified personal information?
no
Yes
Unified recharge?
no
Yes
Consumption / use
separate
separate
Reporting loss / unhooking
simple
trouble
Relationship between applications
No
Have
for example
At present, in the urban pass card project, there are two different practices of “one card multi-use†and “one cardâ€. The City Tongka Project is a project that charges and manages the city's public transportation, taxis, gardens, water, electricity, gas and other industries with cards. The party that advocates "one card" believes that to uniformly charge these industries in the city, it is necessary to use a card, which is the only way to facilitate users; the aspect of "one card multi-use" is considered to be due to different consumption behaviors of these industries in the city, and transportation consumption. It is for everyone, and the consumption behaviors of water, electricity, gas, etc. are for each family. Therefore, it should be relatively independent. Use one card in the urban transportation field, and use another in the water, electricity, gas and other charging fields. Card.
These two views directly affect the development of the city's Tongka project. Whether to use "one card for multiple use" or "one card" should be determined according to application needs and technological development. With current card technology, it is not impossible to realize "one card", but it will add a lot of cost to cards and systems. Therefore, different cards are used in different urban consumption areas, but relatively uniform, it is reasonable, that is, first Adopt "one card multi-use", once the card technology is further developed, it will go over to "one card".
to sum up
These two methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. They often exist in one system at the same time. Which form should be used to fully understand the nature of the matter, but the essence is sometimes difficult to be clear from the needs to the application. In the application, first of all, it is necessary to distinguish which applications need to share data, which can be divided into how many card applications; secondly, to distinguish which applications need exclusive data or need independent security portal, how many one-card multi-applications; When clearing the commonality of different applications, priority should be given to the use of one-card multi-purpose applications. One-card multi-applications have no direct relationship between different applications, and the improvement of the application of the problem has almost no impact on the whole system.
In short, "one card multi-use" and "one card" are not antagonistic, but exist according to specific situations, and may even exist at the same time.
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