"Anti-coin" is also called "border ticket" and "side currency", which refers to the currency issued by the anti-Japanese bases under the leadership of the Communist Party of China during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. From 1940 to 1945, Huazhong, Sunan, Suzhong, Northern Jiangsu, Huainan, Huaibei, Hubei, Henan, and Chongqing were printed and issued in the anti-Japanese base areas.
In the summer of 1941, according to the instructions of the Central Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the establishment of base areas in eastern Zhejiang and Fujian and Zhejiang, the People's Anti-Japanese Armed Forces opened up guerrilla bases in the "Three Norths". In 1942, under the guidance of the work policy of "adhering to the Three North and opening up the four Mings", the people's anti-Japanese armed forces marched toward Simingshan. In 1943, the anti-Japanese guerrilla bases in the east of Zhedong were initially established. In 1944, with the success of the second anti-self-defense war and the success of the armed defense autumn harvest, the base area was consolidated and expanded. At that time, it has 4 administrative districts, 14 counties, 44 districts, and 372 townships, covering an area of ​​11,506 square kilometers. By the time of the northern withdrawal in October 1945, there were more than 15,000 revolutionary armed personnel.
At that time, the counterfeit currency flooded the market, and the Wang Puppet Government issued a large number of fake securities (counterfeit coins) in order to make up for the fiscal deficit. In December 1944, the total amount of counterfeit currency issued was equivalent to 4,538 times that of March 1941. At the beginning of 1945, the Anti-Japanese War was about to triumph, and the anti-puppet rule was on the brink of collapse. The government of Wang Puppet rushed to buy money with indiscriminate counterfeit currency. The value of the currency fell sharply, and the market price soared. This made the rural economy dying, the people were not happy, and seriously affected the construction and troops of the eastern base areas. Feeding.
In order to strengthen the economic struggle against the enemy, develop the agricultural industry in the base area, stabilize the finance, and stabilize the price, the Zhejiang Central China Bureau decided to set up the Zhejiang East Bank to issue the anti-coin, which is the standard currency of the Zhedong Administrative Region. The effective currency of the region.
On April 1, 1945, Zhedong Bank was established in Liangyao, Yuyao, and issued the "Zhedong Administrative Region Anti-coin Regulations". It set up a board of directors, stipulating the issuance of anti-coin total of 2 million yuan, as the Zhejiang East Bank Fund, divided into corners, Wu Yuan, Wu Yuan, and Yuan Yuan have four denominations (the coins have been issued later), and the value of each currency has always remained at the value of the rice market. At that time, the basis of using rice as the base currency was more meaningful than the basis of gold and silver. Therefore, once the anti-coin is issued, it will be welcomed by the masses.
The issuance of anti-coin, in addition to equipment, materials, technology, personnel, but also to choose a good address, and must choose a good concealment, not known, often can not find but the place is relatively convenient. After many suggestions, repeated comparisons, and field exploration, I finally chose to go to the high mountain natural village of Xiaochen Village, Chenxi Township. There are three reasons: First, the party's grassroots organizations are strong, and the mass base is good; second, there are mountains and mountains, and there are few people, and it is not easy to attract the attention of the enemy; third, there is the junction of Shangyu, Yuyao, and Jixian counties. It is convenient to connect with each other and it is easy to collect.
At the end of the site selection, everyone will act. In order to save time and money making plant, with a mountain after consultation surnamed Wang, the family has become printing plant is located. Seeing that the factory is not enough, everyone started, and followed the Wang family to take a straw house. All aspects of the printing plant are being carried out in an orderly manner. The Party Committee of Zhedong District sent a staff member to Shanghai to purchase the necessary equipment materials for the anti-coin by using underground workers to purchase lithographic machines, Daolin paper, color inks, numbering machines, etc., while allowing the craftsmen to engrave the "Zhedong Bank" designed by the superiors. Corner, Qian Yuan, Wu Yuan, and Yuan Yuan's anti-coin pattern.
The Zhedong Administrative Office was stationed in Zhangjiatun, Shangyu County, and it was about 30 miles away from Xiaochen Village. After saying that the machine equipment has been eagerly recovered from Shanghai, how to transport it to Xiaochen Village from Zhangjiatun has become a difficult problem in front of the leadership of the Administrative Office. After collective consultation, everyone felt that the segmented transportation was relatively safe and not easy to cause people's doubts. In this way, after a few days of secret transportation, all the equipment and materials were put into the high Gaosu natural village. In order to enable the printing factory to operate safely, quickly and effectively, Liu Xunzhi (female) was assigned to work in the printing factory. Later, several comrades were assigned to participate in the printing work, and special police officers were assigned to defend the work. According to the villagers of the year: "At that time, the printing house printed the money here is extremely confidential. The doors and windows are always closed, and there are people standing guard, we can not see the situation inside. After the anti-coin printing, it is also in the armed security personnel. The escort was picked up by the migrant workers."
Needless to say, the time to fight against the currency is tight, the task is heavy, the requirements are strict, the intensity is high, there are many insects in the ravine, and the working environment is not satisfactory. Even if it is printing, the process is extremely complicated, not to mention that all the processes of anti-coin printing are not all. it's here. For the sake of ensuring safety and equipment limitations, after the completion of the first process, it is necessary to send people to the printing number and stamp of the Wangjiaping Printing Factory in Western Yunnan. Naturally, the Wangjiaping Printing Factory also specially separates a special room as an overprinting site and is equipped with special security personnel. At that time, the Finance Committee of the Zhedong Administrative Office sent personnel to do the supervision work to ensure that the overprinting work was foolproof. It must be known that overprinting is the last procedure for printing anti-coin, which means that the overprinting can be officially issued. In order to prevent the emergence of counterfeit anti-coin, each anti-coin is printed with a secret, which of course only the responsible party members know.
At that time, at the Wangjiaping Printing Factory, each batch of printed batches immediately sent a batch. However, the necessary procedures before sending away have to go through again: the staff must first count the number of sheets, and then use the band to wrap it, that is, stamp the stamp, and then tie it with the soil cloth. Each bundle, about 20 pounds, is picked up by carefully selected migrant workers in sacks. Just like Xiaochen Village picking up to Wangjiaping, the road is still escorted to the Zhedong Administrative Office by armed personnel.
On April 1, 1945, Zhedong Bank was formally established in the eastern Zhejiang region. On April 10, the anti-coin was issued. To this end, "New Zhejiang East News" also sent a special message. In order to make the anti-coin flow better, Zhedong Bank has set up the Sanbei Sub-branch, the Yuyao Sub-branch, the Jixian Sub-branch, the Shangyu Sub-branch, the Siming Branch and the Nanshan Branch. On July 1, 1945, Zhedong Bank and Shangyu County Democratic Government jointly held a business forum in Shangyuzhang Town. At that time, He Kexi, commander of the New Fourth Army's Zhedong column, addressed the meeting. He said: "Today, Zhedong Bank has set up a redemption office in Zhangzhen. Even if you need counterfeit or old coins, you can go to the Shangyu branch for free exchange." On the other hand, the anti-coin was strong at the time and was the most stable currency. In late September 1945, the East Fourth Army of the New Fourth Army was ordered to withdraw northward, and Zhedong Bank completed its historical mission and recovered and exchanged the counter currency. In order to ensure that the use of Zhedong anti-coin is not devalued, the Party Committee of Zhedong District decided to sell all the retained public grain from the grain station, the grain store and some stores, recover the anti-coin, and burn the anti-coin and anti-coin of the stock in time. To ensure that the interests of the masses are not affected and suffer less losses. Partially scattered in the private sector, the anti-coin that was too late to be honored was exchanged by the then People's Bank several times after the founding of the People's Republic of China until the completion of the full acceptance in 1959.
Although Zhedong’s anti-coin was issued only for more than five months, it together with the anti-Japanese currency issued by the anti-Japanese revolutionary bases in the country not only solved the continuous supply of military expenses for the New Fourth Army, but also developed the base economy and stabilized the market. It smashed the economic blockade and "pseudo-currency attack" of the Japanese and Puppet troops and the Kuomintang die-hards, and made significant contributions to safeguarding and developing the agro-industrial business in the base areas, prospering the market, and winning the war against Japan. (Editor: Liu Yidong)
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