Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have developed a new way to achieve 3D printing of hydraulic equipment. Their published research papers show how to make an ordinary 3D printer do this by modifying it.
Hydraulic presses rely primarily on liquids to transfer pressure. They are widely used in a variety of mechanical systems, such as automotive brake systems and heavy lifting appliances. By using hydraulic components, a small force applied in a small area can be transformed into a force that affects a large area, making them a very valuable engineering tool.
It is particularly worth mentioning that hydraulic components are often used in robotic systems, but due to the complexity of the hydraulic system, they often become a system that is relatively independent of the rest of the robot. This means that incorporating a hydraulic component into a robotic device is often time consuming and labor intensive, and requires regular maintenance.
Now, a group of researchers at MIT, led by mechanical engineer Robert MacCurdy, have developed a clever way to integrate hydraulic components directly into robotic devices through 3D printing. This is the first time that the design and construction of a hydraulic machine can be completed in one step. “There has been no way to integrate powerful, high-performance force transmission components into 3D printed components until now,†the researchers explained.
It is well known that many high-end 3D printers are often equipped with multiple extruders, which allows them to use multiple materials simultaneously on the same print object. This means that 3D printing can create parts that include multiple colors and materials, with both rigid and flexible parts. The new concept proposed by MIT scientists on this basis involves the simultaneous extrusion of a non-cured liquid with other conventional 3D printed materials . Therefore, the conventional 3D printed material will harden into a solid portion during printing, but the above non-cured liquid will not.
Researchers say this unique approach has several advantages. But the most important thing is that the pipe system that needs to fill the fluid can be printed in 3D at a time without any further assembly. The closed loop thus produced is an ideal power transmission system.
To validate this approach, the research team 3D printed a variety of hydraulic devices, including a functional gear pump. This 3D printed pump consists of a pair of gears with pipes embedded inside that push the liquid inside as they rotate. Each gear has a set of teeth that allow the liquid to be pumped in one direction without returning to the other direction.
In addition, MacCurdy and his colleagues have created 3D printed bellows actuators, as well as fluid-actuated fixtures that accurately pick up fragile objects like eggs.
If you also want 3D to print out your hydraulics, the researchers recommend using high-end 3D printers such as Stratasys' Objet260 Connex, which is the 3D printer that MacCurdy used in their research. For more details, please refer to the researcher's paper, "Printable Hydraulics: A Method for Fabricating Robots by 3D Co-Printing Solids and Liquids" (Printable Hydraulics: A Method for Fabricating Robots by 3D Co-Printing Solids and Liquids) 》.
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