sublimation
Sublimation refers to the process in which a solid substance absorbs heat and does not directly change into a gaseous state through a liquid state. The use of certain substances with sublimation properties allows the separation of this material from other materials that are not sublimated by heat, such as heating to sublimate iodine to decompose the mixture of I2 and SiO2.
Liquid separation and extraction
Liquid separation is a method of separating two liquids that are incompatible with each other and have different densities. Extraction is a method in which the solubility of a solute in a mutually incompatible solvent is different, and a solvent is used to extract a solute from a solution composed of another solvent. The selected extractant should meet the following requirements: it is incompatible with the solvent in the original solution; the solubility to the solute is much greater than the original solvent, and the solvent is volatile.
Pay attention to the extraction process:
(1) The solution to be extracted and the extraction solvent are sequentially poured from the upper mouth into the separatory funnel, and the amount thereof cannot exceed 2/3 of the volume of the funnel, and the stopper is stoppered to oscillate.
(2) When shaking, hold the neck of the upper mouth of the funnel with your right hand, and press the plug with the base of the index finger, hold the cock with your left hand, and control the piston with your fingers. Turn the funnel upside down and shake it vigorously. At the same time, pay attention to open the live cock from time to time. gas.
(3) The separatory funnel is allowed to stand, and after the liquid is separated, the liquid is separated, and the liquid is discharged from the funnel at the time of liquid separation, and the upper liquid is poured out from the upper mouth. For example, bromine in bromine water is extracted with carbon tetrachloride.
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