At present, with the technological advancement of printing companies, the overall level of book printing quality has been greatly improved, and some products have reached a higher level of quality. However, in the detection and identification of a large number of books and periodicals, it was found that there are indeed some products with insufficient graphic design, which leads to product quality problems and affects the overall quality of books and periodicals.
The graphic design of books and periodicals mentioned here is not standardized (unreasonable), including the process design of the publishing department and the process design of the printing plant (second process design).
The author learned from participating in the testing and certification of high-quality products (first-class products) of the Press and Publication Administration that among a large number of unsuccessful products, the problem of non-standard graphic design is more prominent, which greatly reduces the quality of products. Take the example of products that have been selected by the military for superior testing as a failure. In 2000, 728 products were submitted for inspection and 195 products (preliminarily determined) were rejected. Among the unsuccessful products, graphic and technological design irregularities accounted for a considerable proportion, reaching 46.15% (including irregular molding process).
The common problems of non-standard graphic design of books and periodicals are:
1. The design position of the book page center is not uniform, resulting in irregular cutout, stapling size, head, foot size, and white border outside the page center. The individual page numbers, book eyebrows, and book line are cut off, resulting in product quality problem.
2. The color illustration page is not too small and the size of the incision is too small (less than 2mm), or the position of the reservation is not reserved. When the book is bound into a book, the illustration is placed in the reservation, which seriously affects the reading and use.
3. The upper and lower distance between the explanatory text of the text illustration and the side of the design is unreasonable. Some of the distances are too close (less than 2mm), and some are too far (approximately 7mm ~ 8mm), which affects the neatness of the explanatory text. If you use the horizontal and horizontal drawing process, when the description text is too close to the edge of the figure (less than 3 mm), it is easy to pad up when printing, resulting in the quality problem of virtual flowers and incomplete edges.
4. The text on the cover, cover two, cover three, cover four and the illustration is too close to the cutout (or bespoke) (only 1mm ~ 2mm), this design is not only difficult to see, it may even be cut off, which seriously affects the finished product Quality and beauty.
5. The design of the “Full Color†of the cover and cover does not match the actual thickness of the book. The “Full Color†is uneven after binding into a book, and some of them go in and out more than 2mm ～ 4mm, which directly affects the overall design of the book. Aesthetic effect.
6. The flat screen background color used in the first letter and the first flower of the same book varies widely, which directly affects the decoration effect and product quality of the whole book.
7. The inscription design of the anti-white pressure map is too light (the dot area is less than 40%), and it is easy to be mixed with the text after printing, which is difficult to distinguish and affect reading.
8. The black (various dark colors) embossed inscription design is too dark (the dot area is over 60%). After printing, the characters and the background color are easily mixed into one color, which affects reading.
9. The ground color setting in the text is unreasonable (the dot area is 100%), the background color of the printed product must be uneven, and it is easy to penetrate through, pull paper hair, and pile up ink to get dirty.
10. The hollow white strokes in the titles of books and periodicals are too thin and difficult to reproduce after printing, and they will inevitably lose their due artistic effects.
The above-mentioned quality problems exist in books and periodicals, mainly due to the non-standard handling of graphic design and the management of the printing plant business (production scheduling). Therefore, the process design should be regulated according to the specific conditions in printing (printing suitability) and possible process capabilities, so as to further improve the overall level of book printing. The specific approach is:
1. The position of the center of the edition should be uniform (except for special requirements) to ensure that the cutouts, the size of the cut-out, the size of the head and feet, and the size of the white border outside the edition are uniform. When the size of the plate core is fixed, it cannot be changed randomly in the group plate (imposition) to ensure the correct process design.
2. For the stapling (white paper edge) of the illustration page, when there is no special requirement, the foot should be kept 12mm, and the incision should be left 3mm.
3. The distance between the explanatory text of the illustrations of books and periodicals and the edges of the figures should be uniformly 3-5mm. The description text of horizontal and vertical layout should be equal to the side of the figure (left, right and top and bottom), and should not exceed the width of the figure. If there are many description words, they can be arranged in two lines, three lines ..., and keep the line spacing and the spacing of the text consistent.
4. The distance between the cover, cover two, cover three, cover four and illustrations and the cutout should be 5mm, so as not to be cut off due to errors when binding into a book.
5. The "Full Color" of the front and back cover design (the front cover and the spine, the back cover and the back spine have different colors) should be consistent with the thickness of the book to prevent the unevenness of the "Full Color" after binding into the book and affect the appearance of the book.
6. The background color of the flat screen used for the first letter and the first flower of the same book should use the same percentage of the mesh as the base to prevent the disparity of the depth. When printing on book paper, 100 to 120 lines of mesh can be used, and coated paper can use 150 to 170 lines of mesh.
7. The dot area of ​​the flat net lined with black (dark) embossed inscriptions should be controlled at 20% to 30%, which can not only play a good decorative effect, but also facilitate the clear appearance of the text.
8. The flat screen used for the inscription on the anti-white pressure map should have more than 60% of the dot area to ensure that the text is clear.
9. The background color of the decoration on the front cover, cover two, cover three, cover four, and illustrations should be flat and free of through-printing. If there is no special requirement for the solid ground color, you can use a thick screen wire with an area dot of about 80% to replace the solid ground color. In this way, not only can the ground color be kept opaque, but also for preventing sticking, squatting, paper pulling and ink accumulation Dirty has an important role.
10. When using hollow characters for titles of books and periodicals, the white strokes of the hollow characters should be widened to prevent the white characters strokes from being stuck and affecting reading.
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