Before the emergence of the Memphis Kingdom, the ancient Egyptian peasants had been farming for a thousand years in the fertile Nile Valley. The 1200-kilometer Nile Valley has bred Egyptian agriculture, and the Nile Valley is only 16 to 50 kilometers wide, in addition to the endless desert. The alluvial fertile soil left behind by the Nile River is very suitable for planting. Because of the need to grasp the land after the flood of the Nile River needs to be re-measured, the geometry and mathematics of ancient Egypt are also very developed.
Due to the development of agriculture in the ancient Egyptian people, the wealth of life and the mastery of mathematics. By the time of the third generation of Egypt in 2686 BC, when the Memphis Empire appeared, the furniture of ancient Egypt appeared. Due to the ancient Egyptians' mastery of geometry, ancient Egyptian furniture, like their pyramids, is dominated by straight lines, squares or rectangles. Because the ancient Egyptians were short (about 1.52m per capita) and had the habit of sitting, the seats were lower. The ancient Egyptians used square or rectangular chairs to make the back and seat of the chair, in the natural position when the animals' legs were at rest, as chairs and footers, decorated with geometric or spiral plant patterns.
By the time of 2613 ~ 2494 BC, the fourth generation of ancient Egypt. From the majesty of the pyramid building at that time, it can be judged that the pharaohs Sneefru, Khufu and Harvar had a dominant rule and the economy reached a considerable degree of development. During this period, ancient Egypt's design, technology and skills also reached its peak. The furniture in the tomb of Queen Hertepheres is rich and elegant, and her armchair is the oldest surviving wooden armchair ever preserved. In addition to the seat and back panels, it is completely covered in gold. Although most of the wood has been broken into powder, the outer layer of the metal is covered and inlaid, so that the shape of the chair is preserved. It has a low, wide and sloping elongate seat with a certain depth, a lion-like front and rear legs, and stands on a drum decorated with beads, covered with gold flakes. A striking pattern of three lotus patterns is used on the panels on each side. The parts are connected by a squat and a blink, and are reinforced with wooden studs, and the flowers are sewed into the supporting part.
From the fourth dynasty to the eighteenth dynasty for more than a thousand years. The Xixus people occupied ancient Egypt for centuries after 2000 BC. It may be due to the years of war in ancient Egypt, the furniture of this period has not been preserved. However, from the perspective of the furniture appearing in the relief work, the style and style of the furniture did not change much. By the 18th dynasty from 1575 BC to 1310 BC, the art and technology of ancient Egypt also reached its peak. In the tomb of the most prestigious Pharaoh of Dutanhmann, a large number of furniture with precious materials and perfect skills were found. This is why Egypt is located in a desert area, where wood is scarce and precious wood needs to be imported. The wood used is precious wood such as ebony, locust, and ebony. The king's throne is the most luxuriously decorated piece of furniture, inlaid with gold, silver, precious stones and Malayika ceramics. The gold relief on the backrest of the throne shows the life scene before the tomb of the tomb. The queen is painting the holy oil on the king sitting on the throne, and the sun god in the sky shines. Other furniture is made from the next level of material, but they are also good examples of joinery. The slender, short and beautifully decorated cabinets have a permanent quality that is reminiscent of the best of the 18th century.
From the artistic point of view to analyze the furniture of ancient Egypt, the early ancient Egyptians still retained the primitive worship of the clan society, they believed that the mountains, the desert and the long river are all sacred. The ancient Egyptians gave the pyramids, monuments, and ancient furniture to the typical features of the mountains, deserts, and rivers. The artistic conception of the pyramid reflects the natural and social characteristics of ancient Egypt. In the natural environment of Egypt, these characteristics are grand and simple. Such artistic thinking is intuitive and primitive. The pyramids are strongly original, as if they were artificially piled up in the mountains. They are therefore in harmony with the scenery of the Nile Delta. The desert is solitary and the rivers are so beautiful. As the symbol of the sun god, the obelisk is also a model of the monuments of the future, with its towering composition and simple and expressive body shape. Therefore, the furniture of the ancient Egyptians, on the one hand, they master the geometry, on the other hand, their original worship of mountains, deserts, and long rivers, so their furniture is also like their pyramids, mainly in lines, squares or rectangles. The legs of the chair and the bed are made of animal legs in nature, decorated with spiral plants or geometric patterns in nature.
The tools used in ancient Egyptian woodwork were very simple. Due to the development of ancient Egyptian agriculture, the wealthy ancient Egyptians were reluctant to absorb new ideas. Although a mixture of bronze, tin and copper appeared in Byblos during the eleventh dynasty, it was not used as a tool in ancient Egypt until 500 years later. Once the bronze tool was widely used in woodworking in the 18th Dynasty, it was used as a solid cutting blade to conveniently produce more good furniture. The early axe was a flat, semi-circular plate with a row of holes in the back, and people tied the axe to the long wooden handle using a thong or hemp rope. The most important and multifaceted tool is the tweezers. The bronze cutting blade or the copper cutting blade is fitted with a wooden handle at the correct angle. It is used both for chopping and trimming uneven surfaces and for making the wood surface Certain shape and smooth. The chisels with hibiscus that can be used for tapping are used in making more elaborate works. The saw is used to cut wood, the drill is used to drill small holes, and the bow drill is used to drill holes in the rails of the seat and bed to facilitate threading and rushing. The tool bag is completed with a hoe, a caliper, a caliper and a wooden stud. Although the metal was first applied to the wood, the metal nail was not used in the woodworking process until the 18th Dynasty.
We don't know how the round legs of ancient Egyptian stools were formed, because the lathes that made the coffins were not used at the time. Legend has it that the Greeks invented the planer, but it was only passed from the Middle East to Greece in the 7th century BC. However, the earliest known planers were found in the Pompeii site. Use é”› to make a fairly smooth surface, use sand as the abrasive, and use a large stone to smooth out a more refined surface.
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