Shanghai Huyu First Card Immune Memory Stem Cell Hypothesis


The immune system has evolved to recognize and cope with the threat to health and to provide lifelong memory to prevent disease recurrence. But now people still do not fully understand the underlying mechanisms of immune memory. Since 2001, various studies have come together to support a hypothesis that long-lasting immune memory is produced by a pool of immune cells with stem cell-like potential. However, since experiments can only be carried out on cell populations, until now there is no solid evidence.

Track the "dryness" of T cells

After the experimental animals generated an immune response, researchers at the Technical University of Munich, Patricia Graef and Veit Buchholz, isolated a complex "killer" T cell population that was recruited to fight immediate or recurrent infections. Subsequently, they identified a number of cell subpopulations in these cell populations and embarked on a series of single-cell adoptive transfer experiments, which detailed the later stages of the immune response. The ability to identify and determine the characteristics of a single generation of progeny cells from a single generation of T cells is critical.

The researchers first determined that the subpopulation of cells, called "central memory T cells," has a high potential for expansion and differentiation. This potential does not depend solely on bone marrow, lymph nodes, or spleen. source. It supports the notion that some central memory T cells are actually adult stem cells. In further experiments, using and comparing memory T cells and naive T cells (mature T cells, mature immune cells that have not yet encountered antigen), the scientists tracked some stem cell-like features and ruled out other possible explanations.

Step by step, the results strongly support the fact that persistent immune memory relies on the "dryness" of central memory T cell subsets. Studies have shown that individual central memory T cells are "pluripotent" cells, which means they can generate various types of progeny cells to fight infections and remember opponents. In addition, these T cells are self-renewing to secondary memory T cells with pluripotency at the single cell level. Ultimately, the progeny cells of a single secondary memory T cell are capable of fully reconstituting the normal immune response.

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