Design Interface - Exploring Design Art

-- Chen Qingqing, Chen Security

[Key words] interface; symbol; ergonomics; environment

[Abstract] Various factors faced in the design, such as the man-machine operation, the function and structure of the use object, the human characteristics of the form, etc., all reflect the way and the way of the person-item-item-person communication. The core of design is "people." The former man-machine interface is a one-machine contradiction of research, applicable to physical and rational analysis and lack of innovation analysis. Relatively researching the “art of design” of human-object-environment-information relationship appears to be one-sided. Therefore, it is meaningful to explore the design interface, ie the human-object, object-human interface.

First, the meaning of the design interface

The interface is usually used in ergonomics. "Human-machine interface" refers to the area in which man-machine interaction affects each other. All areas involved in the exchange of human-computer information belong to the man-machine interface. “The design art is a discipline that studies the relationship between people and things. The objects represent not simple machines and equipment, but things with breadth and depth; people here are not “biological people” and cannot be simply human. Physiological characteristics are analyzed. "The scale of human beings should not only be used as a scale of natural persons, but also as a measure of social human beings; it should not only study the influence and efficacy of physiology, psychology, and environment on human beings, but also study human culture, aesthetics, Requirements and changes in values, etc.".

The design interface exists in the exchange of information between people and things. It can even be said that all fields in which the information exchange of people belong to the design interface. Its connotation elements are extremely wide. The design interface can be defined as the sum of all information interactions that are faced and analyzed in the design. It reflects the relationship between people and things.

Second, the existence of the design interface

American scholar Herbert. A. Simon proposes that the design is the integration of the internal environment of the man-made object (artifact's own material and organization) and the external environment (artificial work or use environment). Therefore, design is a discipline that grasps the internal environment of artificial artifacts and the external environment. This kind of integration is conducted around people. "Human" is an aspect of the design interface, the subject of knowledge and the object of design services, and "object" as an object is another aspect of the design interface. It is a complex that contains object entities, environments, and information. Just as we see a product or a building, it brings people not only the functions of use, the texture of materials, but also the traditional thinking and cultural understanding. Cognition of scientific concepts. "The content of any work must exceed the appearance of those individual objects contained in the work." Analyzing the "object" also analyzes the diversity of the design interface.

To facilitate understanding and analysis of the design interface, the design interface can be classified as:

1) Functional design interface The functional information of receiving objects, manipulation and control objects, as well as the interface with production, namely the use of materials, the application of science and technology, and so on. This interface reflects the coordination of design and man-made objects.

2) Affective Design Interface Instantly conveys feelings to people and achieves emotional resonance with people. There is a unity of certainty and uncertainty in the communication of this feeling. Emotional grasp lies in the feelings of the users who are deeply involved in the target object, not in the emotional expression of the individual. Designers "invest in enthusiasm and don't invest in feelings," avoiding any subjective assumptions and personal freedom. This - the interface reflects the relationship between design and people.

3) Environmental design interface External environmental factors transfer information to people. Any piece or product or visual communication work in a flat or indoor or outdoor environment cannot exist without the environment. The physical conditions and spiritual atmosphere of the environment are indispensable interface factors. It should be said that the design interface is based on a functional interface, with an environmental interface as the premise, and an emotional interface as the center of gravity, forming organic and systematic links between them.

Third, the design of the existence of methodological significance

When the large-scale machinery industry developed, how to effectively manipulate and control products or machinery led to ergonomics. After the Second World War, as the simple labor of physical power turned to the complicated work of the brain, ergonomics was further extended to the design of human thinking ability, "to enable design to support, liberate, and expand human mental work." In the current era of knowledge economy, in the context of meeting material needs, people pursue the development of their own personality and emotional appeal. Design must focus on the consideration of human emotional needs. The complexity of design factors has led to difficulties in design evaluation criteria. Can a personalized design work be recognized by the consumer? Can new product development be accepted by the market? At present, most of the enterprises in our country are still not strong enough, and the design and development loss is not strong enough. How to understand and evaluate the design systematically and in a systematic way so that it meets the market requires a further understanding of design factors. Using the interface analysis method, it is to organize the design factors, avoid the one-sided use of people as "biological people" and go beyond the general misunderstanding of "Design = Science 10 Art". Modern ergonomics and consumer psychology provide a scientific basis for design. Their success lies in experiments, investigations, and mathematical representations. It is more plausible. Similarly for the design art, the analysis of the design interface must also have the physics, psychology, culture, biology, and technology disciplines. In theory, it should be based directly on information theory and cybernetics. Compared with mechanical, electronic design and human-machine design, human-machine interface design in the past grasped the understanding and means of technical science, and ignored the concept and thought of human science. Its interface design can only exist within the scope of local thinking and only become a design stage.

Some people use design theory to judge design. "Functional decision-making form" was the design maxim of the first half of the 20th century. Its formulation was one-sided. This is because: First, the function is not a single one, it includes use of function, aesthetic function, social function, environmental function and so on. "Excessively pursuing a single function will lead to the exclusion of many important contents (decorative, national, and intermediacy)." Moreover, “some of the content is not included in the concept of 'functionality', not to mention that the content of the material and spiritual content is not the same amount of harmony in a unified body, and varies with the product and time. Their respective primary and secondary statuses will also change." In today's highly developed era of information technology, emotional factors have increasingly become the main aspect of design. In the context of maintaining its basic position, the material meaning of the function is increasingly unable to represent the expression of emotional appeal; second, the product designed according to the “form obeying function” is incomprehensible to users who are not familiar with it. Products must be understood by people, must use the accepted code, that is, the symbol system; Third, the product form that satisfies the same function is not always the only one. Mature products such as automobiles, annual change plan and other measures become commodities. The increasingly inevitable phenomenon in the economy. Only when the socio-economic development reaches a certain level can there be professional requirements for design. At this time, people's basic material needs can be satisfied. It is not appropriate to simply determine the design with material functions. On the contrary, the design interface embodies the essence of the exchange of information between people and things. It is also the connotation of design art. It includes all aspects of design, and clearly defines the design goals and procedures.

Fourth, the analysis of the design interface

According to the three types of design interface, it is helpful to examine the various factors of the design interface. Of course, it should be said that the division of the design interface cannot be absolutely absolute, and there may be interactions and overlaps between the meanings of the three types of interfaces. For example, religious culture is an environmental factor, but it often brings more to the believers. It is a religious emotional factor. Here, environmental and emotional aspects are not well-differentiated, but this does not prevent the substantive differences between different categories.

1 functional interface

For the functional interface, it is the use of the content, any 'products or internal or external environment or flat visual communication works, the value of its existence is in the use of nature, the use of sex involves the analysis of a variety of functional factors And the implementation of functional methods and materials. In this respect, analytical thinking exists as a kind of rational thinking. If the product is designed as a treatment method, the product will neutralize various characteristics (such as nationality and purity). If the product trademark is removed, it will be difficult to recognize which country or company it is. The product. Of course, this aspect also shows that there are common factors in the product. It makes all humans respond the same way. People's feelings and judgments have international and objective characteristics. Functional interface design should be based on semiotics. The International Semiotic Society defines semiotics as follows: Symbols are theories about signal sign systems (ie, systems that pass information through certain channels). They study the characteristics of natural sign systems and artificial sign systems. Broadly speaking, things that can represent other things are symbols, such as letters, numbers, rituals, consciousness, movements, etc. The most complex symbolic system may be language. Designing a functional interface inevitably requires the user to understand the functional operation. Each operation should be logical to human beings, humane, and accurate and definite for machinery and electronics. The two sides' information transmission is the core connotation of the functional interface.

2 emotional interface

A home decoration must give people the warmth of a home. A graphic work must be moved with affection, and a religious instrument should reflect the piety of the believer. In fact, any product or work can only be accepted by people's emotions. "Zi Zizhen" is a reflection of people's emotional sustenance, and also reflects the charm of design works.

The development of modern semiotics is also increasingly being explored in this field in an effort to make this uncertainty less compressive and to partially strengthen the rationalization component. Semiotics was gradually applied to such fields as folklore, mythology, religion, and advertising. For example, the Japanese semiotics used semiotics for epistemological studies and investigated the semiotic problems in the process of understanding and understanding. At the same time, semiotics is also used to analyze communication using human senses, and to analyze and study music, dance, clothing, and decoration as symbol systems.