The flame retardant mechanism works by altering the thermal and oxidative degradation process of plastics. It promotes rapid carbonization, forming a non-flammable char layer on the material's surface. This carbon layer is further reinforced through expansion and foaming, creating a protective barrier that isolates the material from oxygen, thereby significantly reducing the risk of continued combustion. Additionally, during the foaming process, non-combustible gases such as water vapor and nitrogen are released, which help to dilute flammable gases and lower the overall heat transfer. This combination not only enhances the material’s resistance to fire but also supports self-extinguishing properties once the fire source is removed.
The flame retardant system operates in two key ways: it encourages the formation of a dense carbon layer while simultaneously promoting foaming. Together, these functions create a highly effective flame-retardant effect. The presence of a stable carbon layer improves the material’s oxygen index, which should be above 30% for optimal performance. This high oxygen index helps prevent the material from dripping during combustion, a common issue that can spread fire. Overall, this dual-action system ensures better fire safety and reduces the likelihood of fire propagation.
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