At present, whether it is Chinese painting, oil painting, or advertising painting, as long as the layered, especially the skin color of the screen is the original color separation and screen making, through offset printing, gravure printing, letterpress printing (flexo printing) screen Copy printing, but there are also Colo printing, woodcut watermarking, and screen printing without dot printing.
1 Dot printing
There are two types of dot printing that represent the color image hierarchy:
1.1 Screen printing of amplitude modulation dots
It refers to the size of the dots to express the depth of the image in the unit area, but it has a weakness that is prone to moire.
1.2 Screen printing of FM outlets
With the increase of computer computing functions, the FM network screening technology has appeared. The FM screening technology is the same size of the dots in a unit area. The number of dots is the density of the image to show the depth of the image. The FM dots basically solve The problem of moire.
Whether the above two screening methods are offset printing, gravure printing, embossing printing, or screen printing, the level of the image can not be separated from the dots. Look at the printed matter with a magnifying glass, whether it is amplitude modulation dot screening technology or FM dot Screening technology, the outlets are clearly visible on the replica, so it can be sure that it is a replica, and it cannot be elegant.
2 No dot level printing
There are currently three methods for dot-free level printing: Colrotype printing, woodcut watermark printing, and screen printing.
2.1 Colo Printing
Colrolithography is a photolithography technology invented very early. It uses glass for platemaking, also known as glass plate printing. The process is:
2.1.1 Ground glass
Grind the smooth surface of 10mm thick glass, wash and dry, then coat the bottom layer.
2.1.2 Priming
The ground glass is coated with a layer of sodium silicate and protein solution and the liquid is used as the bottom layer. After drying, the photosensitive adhesive is applied.
2.1.3 Photosensitive adhesive
Coat a layer of dichromate and Mingjiao photosensitive solution on the dried bottom layer, and then dry it. The drying temperature is between 40 ℃ and 60 ℃. During drying, the photosensitive adhesive will produce fine Wrinkles.
2.1.4 Printing
The continuously adjusted negative film negative film and the photosensitive film are closely exposed and developed. The unexposed photoresist is washed away during development, and a water-absorbing layer is formed during printing. The photoresist in the light-receiving part has different levels of sensitivity due to different levels of the photoresist, and the thickness of the ink absorption layer is also different.
2.1.5 Printing
It is printed on a special platform with a Coro plate printing machine. Its structure is a round flattened type, which is inked with rubber rollers. The applied ink requires good fluidity and low viscosity.
Because Colo printing uses a negative negative film, the hardened layer on the plate image with a greater amount of light is greater, the more wrinkles are, the more ink is adhered, and the darker the tone when printing. On the contrary, the brighter.
Although Coro Printing is a dot-free printing method recognized in the world, it is difficult to reproduce fine images due to insufficient subtle levels. In Japan, there is also Koro printing, which only makes prints such as certificates.
2.2 Woodcut watermark printing
Woodcut watermarks are invented and invented in our country and are my traditional printing methods. They are recognized in the world. Their craftsmanship:
2.2.1 Outline (color separation).
(1) When sketching, first cover the transparent and water-impermeable film on the original work, and then copy the picture faithfully on the film.
(2) Then cover the goose skin paper on the gummed paper that is drawn into a manuscript, separate colors according to different hues, and draw dots, lines, color blocks, inscriptions, seals, and picture levels into a manuscript. As many shades as there are in the original work, there are as many manuscripts as possible.
The technical staff (some painters) who undertake the description must not only have a high degree of painting skills, but also have a deep knowledge of traditional Chinese painting. When sketching, it is necessary to make a decision on the number of editions of the original and the shade of the original, the style and artistic characteristics of the painter and the size of the screen, and how to print.
2.2.2 Carved wood block
Post the manuscript on the wooden board, and then engrave and make a plate after it is dry. Each manuscript is carved into a wooden board, and it takes dozens or even hundreds of plates to print a picture. The engravers must be familiar with the ancient and modern paintings, and carefully understand the original works in order to be able to handle it freely, and to engrave the lines and levels in a beautiful way.
2.2.3 Printing
Brush the engraved wood blocks in sequence. The method is to first brush the protruding part of the wood block (that is, the picture part), then spread the rice paper on it, and then hold the brush to print on the rice paper. As many wood blocks as possible are printed on this rice paper as many times as necessary to make a finished product.
But printing is not an easy task. It requires that the printer must be familiar with the painting techniques. Before printing, it is necessary to analyze the speed, slowness, lightness, and weight of the original action pen, and use thick, light, dry, and wet colors. Differently, in the process of printing, according to the rendering of the original work, etc., the brush will be processed while brushing, so that the printed products will reproduce the characteristics of the original ink.
2.3 Screen printing
Silk-screen version of level printing can achieve the reproduction of Chinese paintings, oil paintings and advertising paintings without any dots. The process method:
2.3.1 Original layered color separation
The manuscript is divided into multiple slices in different levels of yellow, magenta, cyan, and black by the computer. If each color can be divided into 10 levels, each color can be divided into 10 different levels of negatives.
2.3.2 Screen printing
Number 40 negatives and fold into 40 screen printing plates. The requirements of this printing process on the tension of the stretched screen, the selection of the screen, the coating of the photoresist, the exposure time, and development should be basically the same as the requirements of the screen printing to make a fine screen.
2.3.3 Printing
According to the screen number of the negative film of different layers, it is printed in order. This printing method is called layer printing, and some are called ladder printing. In fact, the layer is printed layer by layer from shallow to deep. It can not only achieve the purpose of expressing the level, but also achieve dot-free printing, which can be used to copy the ancient paintings in France, such as in France, giving real artistic value. The French oil painters entrusted their oil painting works to the screen printing company. After this method of screen printing and copying, they were signed by the painter to make them valuable.
3 The screen printing level will be the development direction of dotless printing in the future
The offset printing, gravure printing, embossing printing, and screen printing of the above-mentioned FM dots cannot be used because they have dots, but the non-dot collotype printing is used. , Has gradually been eliminated.
Although the woodcut watermark copy image can achieve the effect of being fake, but the production cycle is long, the amount of printing is low, and the cost is high. The processes of sketching, adjustment, and printing are complicated and have many manual operations. The color tone is also difficult to be consistent, which is easy to cause color cast, and there is also inaccurate overprint. Deformation and other issues.
At present, the competition of printing companies is ultimately science and technology, and the continuous application of new technologies, new processes, new materials, and new equipment in screen printing companies has brought about rapid development of screen printing technology.
Because the screen printing process uses modern computer tools to analyze the originals, scan the originals layer by layer, output the layered negatives, and then print the layers through the screen version and print them in layers, the reproduction of the handicrafts has high precision and rich subtle levels. The reproducibility is good, not only can it not be compared with the dot-printed offset products, but also can not be compared with the dot-free collotype and woodcut watermarks.
Nowadays, due to the increase in the collection of works of art and the continuous improvement of appreciation, people are particularly passionate about the authenticity of ancient paintings and oil paintings, and there is often only one authenticity, so how can we meet people's needs? In comparison, only screen printing (without dots) printing can make the image delicate, rich in layers, strong in three-dimensional sense, the ink layer can be thick or thin, offset printing is generally 3-4um, and the thickness of the screen printing ink layer can reach tens Micrometers can make images protrude, especially for oil paintings that can really maintain the artistic charm of the original and maximize the effect of the original. Therefore, the screen-less layered printing of screen technology will be the direction of future development of traditional Chinese painting and ink.
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