When it comes to the word "belt", many people don't understand what it means. Simply speaking, in ancient furniture, it acts as a very core position, equivalent to the engine of a car.
The word "belt" in Chinese mainly refers to a relatively flat strip that can tighten an object. In the ancient woodworking terminology, it refers to a type of crossbar that runs through the inside of the plane part of the wood and acts as a tube bundle for its deformation. Because it is mostly placed in the middle of the board, it is very similar to the belt of a person, so it is commonly called "belt". The biggest difference between it and the "waist" is that the belt can control the board to prevent its deformation, but it does not cut off its smooth texture, usually only in the inner hidden place. Therefore, it is not very noticeable. The lumbosacral lumps are exposed on both the inner and outer sides, and the texture of the sheet is cut off.
It is well known that wood has the property of shrinking and shrinking. This is affected by how much water changes in the wood, and the shrinkage that occurs in its volumetric size occurs primarily in the lateral (ie, radial) aspect of the wood. The vertical change is almost equal to zero. Especially on hardwoods with dense texture and heavy weight, the shrinkage and wetness are more obvious. Therefore, the wood used to make the furniture must be sufficiently dry before it can be applied.
After the wood is made into furniture, due to the different position of the tilting position on the furniture, the influence of the use environment in the change of the wind and the sun is different, and it can still cause the uneven change of the moisture content of different parts inside and outside. The wider the tabletop and the cabinet door, the change is more obvious, often causing cracking, warping and so on. The four seasons of the Zhongyuan region have a distinct monsoon climate, which makes the wood frequently produce severe dry and shrinking movements under the climatic conditions of dry and wet weather throughout the year. Once it is handled improperly, it will crack and warp, and then destroy the structure. After painful failures and hard explorations, ancient craftsmen discovered that only by conforming to the natural properties of wood, one side of the sheet was made into a dovetail opening, and it was worn on several sturdy crossbars with corresponding rails so that it could only be along Sliding in the direction of the crossbar can adapt to the change of the shrinkage and wetness, and control it to not warp in other directions, thus obtaining a solid, flat, textured straight plane. This magical crossbar is the "band" of the clever ancient carpenter who faced China's unique objective environmental invention.
Most of the belts work in conjunction with the process of slab loading. That is to say, four wooden edges are combined into a wooden frame through the four-cornered shoulders, and the thin wooden boards are bundled and flattened and embedded in the belts, so that all the wood materials are easy to absorb moisture, easily deform, easy to crack, and unsightly end faces, all The concealed cover is protected from damage in the future, thus obtaining a plane consisting entirely of smooth wood grain, or as a table top, or as a cabinet door, which is exceptionally beautiful and sturdy.
This closed form of unique crafts with Chinese characteristics has a strong decorative beauty and structural beauty, which forms the most basic structural features and decorative tone of ancient Chinese furniture. The rest of the numerous endless structures and decorative techniques are mostly developed around the basis of attachment.
In China, the application history of the belt is earlier. In the unearthed cultural relics of the Spring and Autumn Period and the paintings of the Tang Dynasty, we can all see its initial image. The handed down Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties are a wide variety of furniture. It reflects the extraordinary understanding and driving power of ancient Chinese woodworkers on various natural materials.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chinese ancient furniture developed to a glorious stage. A large number of imported hardwoods are used to make exquisite “clear water†furniture without paint and seal, which is transported to Beijing by the wet Suguang. The latitude span between production and sales is so large; the difference between steam and wetness is so great; the rate of hardwood shrinkage from tropical rainforests is so large that it has not been encountered by carpentry in any other region or country in world history. Difficult subject. The exquisite ancient Chinese furniture handed down to the world tells us that under such severe conditions, the belt that is usually not noticed has played an important role in the guarantee of the quality of furniture.
Different from Chinese furniture, Western antique furniture, although it is also combined into a wooden door and a cabinet by plane frame method, most of them are first divided into several small spaces by the exposed waist, and then used small pieces. The wooden trough is filled. Its appearance is uneven, making it difficult to see a complete flat plane. In order to obtain the necessary plane for the tabletop, a plurality of planks have to be joined together, and then nailed to the lower frame to be fixed and combined into one plane. Since the wooden boards are all exposed to the outside, the nails hinder the desktop as a whole and shrink at the same time. Over time, there will be cracks on the table, and the tablecloths will be used to cover up.
Westerners' attempts to use plastics and nails to prevent wood deformation appear to be a bit clumsy and helpless. There is no such thing as a Chinese person who has a flat tabletop to adapt to the changes in wood. The former is in vain of "the tree wants to be quiet and the wind is not stop", while the latter is the inaction of "inquiring and depreciating."
This difference in the structure of Chinese and Western furniture reflects the difference in the concept of the relationship between the East and the West in dealing with people and nature.
The Mediterranean coast of Western civilization has a relatively peaceful geographical climate. Westerners believe that God created man and the heavens and the earth for his enjoyment, and that man is determined to win the day. People want to enjoy, so they invented the Louis-style furniture of the anthropomorphic gold-line white lacquer and the beauty couch that does not lie down and sit on it. People want to conquer, so they glue on the table top, use nails, stick to them, and can't nail them. So they cut the wood into plywood and even chopped into particleboard. Although it caused pollution, although it was a waste of things, although it did not extend the year, it finally did not break.
The ancient Chinese believed that the heavens and the earth are the masters of human beings, all things are spiritual, and they depend on each other to survive. The relationship between man and nature should be harmonious, orderly, and mutually integrated. People should live in accordance with the laws of nature. As a result, the Chinese invented the craftsmanship of the eagle-carved pen holder and the stone plaque, the roots of the raft, and the “wearing the beltâ€.
It can be seen that the inheritance and rise of mahogany furniture is inevitable, classical and elegant. For traditional things, we have always been able to carry forward very well.
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