Biological characteristics of Pinus sylvestris


Strong cold resistance


Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is cold-tolerant and can withstand low temperatures of -40 to -50 °C. It is dry and does not require soil moisture. The crown is sparse, the needles are sparse, short, and the coniferous epidermis is keratinized. There is a thick fleshy part. The stomata are born in the depression of the leaf folds. The dry epidermis and the epidermis are thick, which can reduce the transpiration of the aerial part. At the same time, on the dry sand dunes, the main roots are generally 1-2 meters deep and up to 4 meters deep. The lateral roots are distributed in the sand layer 10-50 cm from the surface, and the roots extend to the periphery to fully absorb the water in the soil. In 1967, it was a relatively dry year in the Zhanggutai area of ​​Liaoning Province. In June, the 0-125 cm sand layer of fixed sand was 2 to 3%. The 12-year-old larch died mostly due to drought, and the leaves of broadleaf trees such as poplars. Yellow withered or partially shed, while Pinus sylvestris still grows normally.


Adaptable


Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is a positive tree species. The canopy is sparse. The needles are mostly concentrated on the surface of the tree. When the lateral light is lacking in the forest, the trunk is naturally pruned quickly. When the isolated or lateral light is sufficient, the lateral branches and needles are lush, and the young trees are under the canopy. Poor growth. Pinus sylvestris is highly adaptable. It grows well on the poor sandy soil with poor nutrients and on the thin mountain gravel soil. In the Zhanggutai sandy land, more than 30 species of coniferous and broad-leaved trees have been planted. Only Pinus sylvestris can adapt to the environmental conditions of different parts of the sand, even in the worst conditions. In addition, it has also grown well in the sand areas of Yulin, Ikezhao League and other areas. Excessive water or water accumulation is unfavorable for its growth, prefer acidic or slightly acidic soil. In the thin layer carbonate meadow black soil of Jidong Experimental Forest Farm of Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry, pH7.6-7.8 total salt content 0.08%, good growth and development, pH value over 8, and sodium bicarbonate over 0.1 is bad. influences.


Strong resistance


Pinus sylvestris is highly resistant. According to the survey, the 10-year-old Pinus tabulaeformis has been harmed by pine needle rust, while the adjacent Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is less harmful; it is also more resistant to pine mites than Pinus tabulaeformis; southern Liaoning, Pinus koraiensis and Pinus tabulaeformis They were all harmed by pine mites, but the scorpion pine was not found to be victimized.


long life


Pinus sylvestris has a long life span of 150-200 years, and some as many as 250 years. Under the conditions of Zhanggutai, the growth before 5 years old is slow, and after 6-7 years, it can enter a high growth period (annual The high growth rate is 30-40 cm. For example, the 21-year-old Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica has an average height of 8.6 m, a breast diameter of 14.8 cm, a maximum of 10.4 m and a breast diameter of 25 cm.


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