With the rapid development of China's construction, decoration and furniture industries and the reduction of high-quality precious wood resources, people are paying more and more attention to how to use high-quality general wood to produce high-grade materials through material color treatment to meet people's aesthetic needs. It improves the grade and economic benefits of general wood. The dyeing effect of wood is closely related to the type and concentration of dye, the structure and chemical composition of wood, and the dyeing process. So far, there have been few studies on wood tissue and cell dyeing at home and abroad [ 1], therefore, the author tried to apply the five different kinds of acid orange, direct blue and alkaline green dyes with different concentrations of 0.5, 5 kg·l-1 and 0. 0 1kg·l-1. Wood bamboo fir, masson pine, rice bran, Schima superba and bamboo were observed by slice staining to explore the dyeing properties of these wood bamboo cells, which laid a foundation for dye selection and further study of dyeing process.
1 Test materials and methods
1.1 material
3. Saw fir, masson pine, rice bran, wood lotus wood cubes and bamboo bamboo wall with standard three-section.
1.2 method
Five kinds of wood bamboo materials were placed in a mixture of glycerol and ethanol (2:1), and after softening, they were taken out and sliced ​​by hand with a blade, and cut into three-dimensional slices of 20 to 30 um, and immersed in 0. 0 0 5 kg. · l-1, 0. 0 1kg·l-1 Two kinds of acid orange, direct blue, alkaline green dyes, soaking time is 15 minutes and 30 minutes, take out the dyed three sections The slice is placed on the slide glass and covered with a cover glass (each slice contains three slices of the same material immersed for the same time at the same concentration of the same dye), and the prepared three-section slice is observed under an optical microscope. And make a record.
2 Comparison and analysis of test results [1 to 3 of the majority of cells composed of wood and bamboo are hollow inside, so the staining of wood and bamboo cells is actually the staining of the cell wall, and the hollow cell cavity without inclusions does not matter.
2.1 Effect of dye concentration and dyeing time on cell staining
0 .0 0 5kg·l-1 , 0 .0 1kg·l-1 Two kinds of acid orange, direct blue and alkaline green dyeing effect on wood bamboo cells with two soaking times of 15 minutes and 30 minutes There is almost no influence, indicating that the wood bamboo flakes of 20 to 30 um thick can reach the maximum degree of dyeing by soaking the cells with acid orange, direct blue, and alkaline green at a concentration of 0.55 kg·l-1 for 15 minutes. No need to use higher concentrations and longer soaking times.
2 .2 Dyeing properties of various wood bamboo cells
Table 1 The degree of staining of the cell wall of three Chinese fir and Pinus massoniana wood cells
Description: A indicates very good dyeing, B indicates deep dyeing, C indicates shallow dyeing, D indicates no dyeing. 2.1.2 dyeing properties of Chinese fir and masson pine wood cells Acid orange, alkaline green to Chinese fir, Masson pine The pitted membrane on the cell wall of various cells of wood is only slightly stained, and the direct blue is basically not stained on the pitted membrane. This is because the pit is the unthickened part of the cell wall, and the essence of the pit membrane is Lignin is the main intercellular layer of the main component, while the acid dye and the basic dye are dyeable to lignin, and the direct dye is not stained to lignin. The three dyes are not stained on the cell lumen of the axial tracheid, and the axis of the fir It can be stained into the cell cavity of the parenchyma cells of parenchyma cells and Pinus massoniana. This is because the inner lumen of the axial tracheid is hollow, and the axial cavity of the parenchyma cells and the cell cavity of the lipoblasts can be stained with three dyes. The content of the three dyes on the cell wall of various cells of Chinese fir and masson pine wood is different (Table 1). The axial tracheid of Chinese fir and Masson pine, the axial thin-walled cells of Chinese fir, The lipopolysaccharide cells and ray tracheids of Pinus massoniana can be acid orange, direct blue, alkaline green The three dyes were stained to varying degrees, and the direct blue was not stained on the cell wall of the ray parenchyma cells. This may be due to the higher lignin content of the cell wall of the ray parenchyma cells, while the chemical composition of the cell wall of other cells was fiber. It is mainly composed of lignin and hemicellulose, and contains a certain amount of lignin and various extracts. The following explanations of the dyeing properties of other wood bamboo cells and the similar axial tracheids of Chinese fir and masson pine are the main constituent molecules of coniferous trees. The dyeing performance greatly affects the dyeing effect of coniferous trees. From the observation results, the dyeing degree of the three kinds of dyes on the axial tracheids is: alkaline green>acid orange>direct blue, direct blue is less ideal. 2 . 2 . 2 m æ§ , wood lotus wood various cell dyeing properties acidic orange, alkaline green on the wood lotus, rice bran wood, the cell wall of the cell membrane is also only shallow staining, direct blue The dyed film is also not stained. The three dyes are not stained in the cell cavity of the wood fiber and the lumen of the wood-loaded cell, and the cell cavity containing the infiltrating body of the ray parenchyma cells, the axial parenchyma cells and the rice bran catheter molecule Can be dyed lightly.
Table 2 Degree of staining of cell walls of rice bran and woody wood cells by three dyes
Description: A indicates very good dyeing, B indicates deep staining, C indicates shallow staining, and D indicates no staining.
The dyeing degree of the cell walls of various cells of rice bran and woody wood is also different (Table 2). The cell walls of woody, rice bran, ductal molecules and axial parenchyma cells can be acidified. Orange, direct blue and alkaline green dyes are dyed to different extents. Direct blue is not stained on the cell wall of ray parenchyma cells. In general, acid orange and alkaline green stain the rice bran and wood lotus wood cells ideally. Direct blue is not ideal.
2 . 2 . 3 Dyeing properties of bamboo and bamboo wall cells
Acidic orange and alkaline green stained the cell membrane on the cell wall of the bamboo wall only shallowly, and the direct blue was not stained on the cell membrane of the bamboo wall. Three kinds of dyes on the cells of the catheter, sieve, and fibroblast The cavity is not stained, and the sensitivity of the three cell dyes to the cell walls of the parenchyma cells containing the inclusions is different (Table 3). Acidic orange, direct blue, basic green The staining of the cell wall of various cells in the bamboo wall is deep and shallow; acidic orange and alkaline green stain the thick-walled fibroblasts more than the basic parenchyma cells, while the direct blue is the opposite.
2.3 Differences in the degree of dyeing of the main constituent molecules of the early and late materials by three dyes
Acidic orange and alkaline green stained the late wood tracheids of Pinus massoniana and Pinus massoniana and the wood fiber of Schima superba and rice bran, which were deeper than the early tracheids and early wood fibers, while the effect of direct blue was exactly the opposite. This is Because the late wood is mostly formed by lignification in autumn, the lignin content is higher than the early wood.
3 Summary
Wood bamboo cell staining can achieve maximum staining degree by soaking in acidic orange, direct blue, and alkaline green at a concentration of 0.55 kg·l-1 for 15 minutes, without using higher concentration and longer dyeing time. Acidic orange, direct blue, and alkaline green do not stain the inner hollow cell cavity containing no inclusions, and can be lightly stained in the cell cavity with inclusions. Acidic orange, alkaline green to the cell's pit membrane Shallow dyeing, direct blue does not stain the cell's pit membrane. Acidic orange, alkaline green stains thick-walled axial tracheids, wood fibers, ductal molecules, fibroblasts better than thin-walled axial thin cells , ray parenchyma cells, basic parenchyma cells. Direct blue is not stained with wood ray parenchyma cells, staining axial parenchyma cells is better than axial tracheids and wood fibers. Acidic orange, alkaline green to late wood The staining degree of tracheid and late wood fiber is greater than that of early tracheid and early wood fiber, while direct blue is the opposite. The staining performance of wood bamboo cells is closely related to the chemical composition of cell wall.
1 Test materials and methods
1.1 material
3. Saw fir, masson pine, rice bran, wood lotus wood cubes and bamboo bamboo wall with standard three-section.
1.2 method
Five kinds of wood bamboo materials were placed in a mixture of glycerol and ethanol (2:1), and after softening, they were taken out and sliced ​​by hand with a blade, and cut into three-dimensional slices of 20 to 30 um, and immersed in 0. 0 0 5 kg. · l-1, 0. 0 1kg·l-1 Two kinds of acid orange, direct blue, alkaline green dyes, soaking time is 15 minutes and 30 minutes, take out the dyed three sections The slice is placed on the slide glass and covered with a cover glass (each slice contains three slices of the same material immersed for the same time at the same concentration of the same dye), and the prepared three-section slice is observed under an optical microscope. And make a record.
2 Comparison and analysis of test results [1 to 3 of the majority of cells composed of wood and bamboo are hollow inside, so the staining of wood and bamboo cells is actually the staining of the cell wall, and the hollow cell cavity without inclusions does not matter.
2.1 Effect of dye concentration and dyeing time on cell staining
0 .0 0 5kg·l-1 , 0 .0 1kg·l-1 Two kinds of acid orange, direct blue and alkaline green dyeing effect on wood bamboo cells with two soaking times of 15 minutes and 30 minutes There is almost no influence, indicating that the wood bamboo flakes of 20 to 30 um thick can reach the maximum degree of dyeing by soaking the cells with acid orange, direct blue, and alkaline green at a concentration of 0.55 kg·l-1 for 15 minutes. No need to use higher concentrations and longer soaking times.
2 .2 Dyeing properties of various wood bamboo cells
Table 1 The degree of staining of the cell wall of three Chinese fir and Pinus massoniana wood cells
Description: A indicates very good dyeing, B indicates deep dyeing, C indicates shallow dyeing, D indicates no dyeing. 2.1.2 dyeing properties of Chinese fir and masson pine wood cells Acid orange, alkaline green to Chinese fir, Masson pine The pitted membrane on the cell wall of various cells of wood is only slightly stained, and the direct blue is basically not stained on the pitted membrane. This is because the pit is the unthickened part of the cell wall, and the essence of the pit membrane is Lignin is the main intercellular layer of the main component, while the acid dye and the basic dye are dyeable to lignin, and the direct dye is not stained to lignin. The three dyes are not stained on the cell lumen of the axial tracheid, and the axis of the fir It can be stained into the cell cavity of the parenchyma cells of parenchyma cells and Pinus massoniana. This is because the inner lumen of the axial tracheid is hollow, and the axial cavity of the parenchyma cells and the cell cavity of the lipoblasts can be stained with three dyes. The content of the three dyes on the cell wall of various cells of Chinese fir and masson pine wood is different (Table 1). The axial tracheid of Chinese fir and Masson pine, the axial thin-walled cells of Chinese fir, The lipopolysaccharide cells and ray tracheids of Pinus massoniana can be acid orange, direct blue, alkaline green The three dyes were stained to varying degrees, and the direct blue was not stained on the cell wall of the ray parenchyma cells. This may be due to the higher lignin content of the cell wall of the ray parenchyma cells, while the chemical composition of the cell wall of other cells was fiber. It is mainly composed of lignin and hemicellulose, and contains a certain amount of lignin and various extracts. The following explanations of the dyeing properties of other wood bamboo cells and the similar axial tracheids of Chinese fir and masson pine are the main constituent molecules of coniferous trees. The dyeing performance greatly affects the dyeing effect of coniferous trees. From the observation results, the dyeing degree of the three kinds of dyes on the axial tracheids is: alkaline green>acid orange>direct blue, direct blue is less ideal. 2 . 2 . 2 m æ§ , wood lotus wood various cell dyeing properties acidic orange, alkaline green on the wood lotus, rice bran wood, the cell wall of the cell membrane is also only shallow staining, direct blue The dyed film is also not stained. The three dyes are not stained in the cell cavity of the wood fiber and the lumen of the wood-loaded cell, and the cell cavity containing the infiltrating body of the ray parenchyma cells, the axial parenchyma cells and the rice bran catheter molecule Can be dyed lightly.
Table 2 Degree of staining of cell walls of rice bran and woody wood cells by three dyes
Description: A indicates very good dyeing, B indicates deep staining, C indicates shallow staining, and D indicates no staining.
The dyeing degree of the cell walls of various cells of rice bran and woody wood is also different (Table 2). The cell walls of woody, rice bran, ductal molecules and axial parenchyma cells can be acidified. Orange, direct blue and alkaline green dyes are dyed to different extents. Direct blue is not stained on the cell wall of ray parenchyma cells. In general, acid orange and alkaline green stain the rice bran and wood lotus wood cells ideally. Direct blue is not ideal.
2 . 2 . 3 Dyeing properties of bamboo and bamboo wall cells
Acidic orange and alkaline green stained the cell membrane on the cell wall of the bamboo wall only shallowly, and the direct blue was not stained on the cell membrane of the bamboo wall. Three kinds of dyes on the cells of the catheter, sieve, and fibroblast The cavity is not stained, and the sensitivity of the three cell dyes to the cell walls of the parenchyma cells containing the inclusions is different (Table 3). Acidic orange, direct blue, basic green The staining of the cell wall of various cells in the bamboo wall is deep and shallow; acidic orange and alkaline green stain the thick-walled fibroblasts more than the basic parenchyma cells, while the direct blue is the opposite.
2.3 Differences in the degree of dyeing of the main constituent molecules of the early and late materials by three dyes
Acidic orange and alkaline green stained the late wood tracheids of Pinus massoniana and Pinus massoniana and the wood fiber of Schima superba and rice bran, which were deeper than the early tracheids and early wood fibers, while the effect of direct blue was exactly the opposite. This is Because the late wood is mostly formed by lignification in autumn, the lignin content is higher than the early wood.
3 Summary
Wood bamboo cell staining can achieve maximum staining degree by soaking in acidic orange, direct blue, and alkaline green at a concentration of 0.55 kg·l-1 for 15 minutes, without using higher concentration and longer dyeing time. Acidic orange, direct blue, and alkaline green do not stain the inner hollow cell cavity containing no inclusions, and can be lightly stained in the cell cavity with inclusions. Acidic orange, alkaline green to the cell's pit membrane Shallow dyeing, direct blue does not stain the cell's pit membrane. Acidic orange, alkaline green stains thick-walled axial tracheids, wood fibers, ductal molecules, fibroblasts better than thin-walled axial thin cells , ray parenchyma cells, basic parenchyma cells. Direct blue is not stained with wood ray parenchyma cells, staining axial parenchyma cells is better than axial tracheids and wood fibers. Acidic orange, alkaline green to late wood The staining degree of tracheid and late wood fiber is greater than that of early tracheid and early wood fiber, while direct blue is the opposite. The staining performance of wood bamboo cells is closely related to the chemical composition of cell wall.
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